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From page 113... ... Appendix H Annoyance Literature Review EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS A literature review has been conducted to support plans for a new national survey of aircraft noise in the United States. Read the entire page →
From page 114... ... reactions for road traffic and railway noise, but the effect on aircraft noise annoyance is uncertain. Ambient noise levels and time spent at home do not have an important effect on annoyance. Read the entire page →
From page 115... ... Table 16 Possible Elements of a Complete, Complex Annoyance Survey A Primary Study Goal: Items that are required for the primary study goal 1. Read the entire page →
From page 116... ... Introduction Plans are being developed for a national survey of aircraft noise in the United States as part of an ACRP sponsored study. This report reviews the community noise-response literature for information that can contribute to the design of that survey. Read the entire page →
From page 117... ... this 30-airport study provides improved, best-available evidence on many issues, the evidence will not be conclusive for many geographic area variables. Literature review strategy The literature review strategy for this report has been designed to efficiently focus on issues that will best address the study goals that can be addressed with the unique, multi-airport study design. Read the entire page →
From page 118... ... finding (e.g. annoyance increases with education) Read the entire page →
From page 119... ... questions above are not purely "annoyance" questions since they introduce the general annoyance concept with the phrase "… bother, annoy, or disturb…" Using a single annoyance question for the dose-response relationship does not, however, preclude the use of multi-question indices. Such indices should provide more precise estimates of the relative effects of different explanatory variables. Read the entire page →
From page 120... ... Table 17 List of Issues Reviewed Issue # Issue Hypothesis a Table 18 summary? Read the entire page →
From page 121... ... Issue # Issue Hypothesis a Table 18 summary? 30 Expectations for future exposure Expecting an increase in noise exposure increases annoyance - - E Read the entire page →
From page 122... ... Issue # Issue Hypothesis a Table 18 summary? 54 Sleep The belief that the noise interferes with sleep increases annoyance - - I Read the entire page →
From page 123... ... for study support count) Read the entire page →
From page 124... ... Table 18 Summary from Meta-analyses and Secondary Analyses Issue # Issue Hypothesis Meta-analysis results Secondary analysis results Source for study support count Source for average effect Do most studies support? a Studies (N=) Read the entire page →
From page 125... ... Issue # Issue Hypothesis Meta-analysis results Secondary analysis results Source for study support count Source for average effect Do most studies support? a Studies (N=) Read the entire page →
From page 126... ... Issue # Issue Hypothesis Meta-analysis results Secondary analysis results Source for study support count Source for average effect Do most studies support? a Studies (N=) Read the entire page →
From page 127... ... Issue # Issue Hypothesis Meta-analysis results Secondary analysis results Source for study support count Source for average effect Do most studies support? a Studies (N=) Read the entire page →
From page 128... ... e. The estimate that sensitivity has an effect that is the equivalent of an 11 decibel difference in noise exposure comes from an analysis that analyzed 15 surveys with 14,294 respondents which assumed that the impact of sensitivity was the same at all noise levels (Miedema and Vos 1999) Read the entire page →
From page 129... ... Topic A: Effects of demographic characteristics Issues #1 to #12: The first 12 issues in Table 18 concern the basic demographic characteristics of the population: gender, age, education, social status (as measured by occupation) , income, household size, length of residence, home ownership, type of dwelling unit (single family or multiple-family) Read the entire page →
From page 130... ... hypothesis that an individual's reaction to the noise level as represented in official regulations (the noise level outside the house at a fixed position relative to the noisiest location near the dwelling) is modified by the sum of the noise that is received at an individual's ear. Read the entire page →
From page 132... ... annoyance is not inconsistent with the observation that very active and effective anti-noise organizations may come from low-ambient areas and successfully organize public actions to try to modify noise policy. At least one additional study has been published that reports an ambient noise effect (Lim, Kim, Hong, and Lee, 2008) Read the entire page →
From page 133... ... Other support comes from a German study in which two communities that experienced very small reductions in railway noise from rail grinding differed in whether or not they were exposed to positive publicity from a leaflet, press report or other local contact. Only those exposed to the positive publicity expressed a statistically significant reduction in railway noise annoyance (Liepert, Hegner, Möhler, Schreckenberg, Schümer-Kohrs, and Schümer, 1999) Read the entire page →
From page 134... ... airport differences could be moderated through the timing of the survey administration. For a national survey the best strategy is probably to conduct all interviews at the same time of year, when the temperature differences in the previous three months differ the least around the country. Read the entire page →
From page 135... ... believes he/she is sensitive to noise generally, or 2) a set of questions about annoyance with common sounds (e.g. Read the entire page →
From page 136... ... Schiphol also found that perceived control and coping capacity are closely related to noise annoyance (Kroesen, Molin, and van Wee, 2008) Read the entire page →
From page 137... ... 31 Transparency of process The perception that authorities develop policy transparently and provide relevant information decreases annoyance 32 Fairness of procedures The perception that authorities follow procedures in a fair manner decreases annoyance 33 Trust The perception that authorities can be trusted decreases annoyance 34 Understanding of residents' concerns The perception that authorities understand or are concerned about residents decreases annoyance 35 Residents can affect policy The perception that authorities' actions are influenced by residents' views decreases annoyance. (This is an extension of the coping and control attitudes from personal control within the home to control of public policy.) Read the entire page →
From page 138... ... a sample design with a large number of airports and flight paths will also reduce the possibility that correlated variables are confounding the interpretation of a relationship. Issue #37: Landing/take-off operations The sounds of take-off and landing aircraft are distinct. Read the entire page →
From page 139... ... from ground operation at residences is expensive to accurately predict due to uncertainties about the noise levels emitted by aircraft, the location and frequency of such emissions, and the attenuation of any such emissions by structures on the airport near the aircraft as well as structures in the neighborhoods near individual residences. Issue #39: Airport size A summary analysis has not been conducted of the differences between large and small airports or of the differences between air carrier and general aviation airports. Read the entire page →
From page 140... ... clear whether most previous research on the most studied noise sources is highly relevant for commercial aircraft noise. Unlike some railway vibration, aircraft-induced vibration is exclusively caused by acoustical emissions from aircraft. Read the entire page →
From page 141... ... Topic G: Authorities' actions and activities Issue #45: Operator noise abatement actions When authorities take steps to reduce noise exposure it is hypothesized that residents may overreact with lower annoyance than would be expected from the noise level alone. This is similar to the earlier change hypothesis (Issue 43) Read the entire page →
From page 142... ... Issue #49: Operator's perceptions Airport authorities and other personnel who are involved in aircraft operations at an airport often believe that communities at similar noise levels react quit differently to equivalent noise exposures. This perception may be derived from objective data, such as counts of complaints and law suits, but may also be affected by less formal, difficult-to-quantify impressions formed from long-term contacts with some members of the communities. Read the entire page →
From page 143... ... meeting with officials, and lawsuits. Unlike expensive, infrequent social surveys, complaints and public actions are readily accessible to public officials and often demand their attention within the political system. Read the entire page →
From page 144... ... steadily fell from 50 to13 complaints per 1,000 movements from 1996 to 1999 (Hume, Terranova, and Thomas, 2002) Read the entire page →
From page 145... ... few realistic choices or are mainly affected by other factors such as price, unit size, distance to place-ofwork, or other (non-sensitive) household members' preferences. Read the entire page →
From page 146... ... A variety of other steps can be used to increase response rates and identify respondents, but these three examples provide a framework for considering the implications and limitations of previous noise annoyance survey research. Noise annoyance surveys have been regularly conducted since the 1950's. Read the entire page →
From page 147... ... survey-mode comparison since the surveys were conducted in different countries with different noise/annoyance questions and other aspects of survey administration, including respondent selection procedures, were not considered in the analysis. A Japanese study (JPN-616) Read the entire page →
From page 148... ... studies should aid in the selection of the survey mode for this study and provide a basis for comparing this survey's results with the results of prior US and European surveys that have been conducted using different modes. Although the evidence reviewed above from previous, primarily non-US, surveys is helpful; information from new US pilot surveys is needed to draw firm conclusions. Read the entire page →
From page 149... ... with the noise annoyance expressed by representative samples of airport community residents. While there is an extensive community relations literature, no research protocols have been located that the planned US survey could use to systematically and objectively rate the quality of authorities' noisemitigation programs. Read the entire page →
From page 150... ... Table 19 Outline of Selected Aircraft Noise Mitigation Activities A Acoustical mitigation (Controlling the aircraft noise) Read the entire page →
From page 151... ... that an open, personal and honest information exchange was the most mentioned desire of the residents (Vogt and Kastner, 2000) Read the entire page →
From page 152... ... 1) The airports' documents and practices could be examined to determine the extent to which the best practices are being followed (indicators are listed in the third column of Table 20) Read the entire page →
From page 153... ... indicates that the issue must be studied (sometimes with a single question in the questionnaire) in order to control for the effect of the variable in the analysis. Read the entire page →
From page 154... ... ACRP 02-35 FINAL REPORT Table 21 Summary of Considerations for Studying Each Issue Issue # Issue Hypothesisa Include to: Contribute? , Control? Read the entire page →
From page 155... ... ACRP 02-35 FINAL REPORT Issue # Issue Hypothesisa Include to: Contribute? , Control? Read the entire page →
From page 156... ... ACRP 02-35 FINAL REPORT Issue # Issue Hypothesisa Include to: Contribute? , Control? Read the entire page →
From page 157... ... ACRP 02-35 FINAL REPORT Issue # Issue Hypothesisa Include to: Contribute? , Control? Read the entire page →
From page 158... ... ACRP 02-35 FINAL REPORT Issue # Issue Hypothesisa Include to: Contribute? , Control? Read the entire page →
From page 159... ... Table 22 identifies 16 data collection elements of a complex, multi-objective study design, including the 14 that are not required by the basic dose-response goal. Although these 16 elements are implicit in Table 21, they are easier to isolate in Table 22. Read the entire page →
From page 160... ... lowest priority. A final decision about the elements should consider both the priority assigned to the study issues and the costs for including each element. Read the entire page →
From page 161... ... Diamond, I D., Ollerhead, J Read the entire page →
From page 162... ... Finke, H O., Guski, R., and Rohrmann, B Read the entire page →
From page 163... ... Job, R Read the entire page →
From page 164... ... Miedema, H Read the entire page →
From page 165... ... Tracor, Inc. Read the entire page →

From page 113...

... Appendix H Annoyance Literature Review EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS A literature review has been conducted to support plans for a new national survey of aircraft noise in the United States.