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Pages 39-46

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From page 39...
... 39 4.1 Main Elements Transport technology, in terms of energy-efficient equipment (aircraft, trucks, trains, and ships) , engines, and alternative fuels, has driven and will continue to deliver substantial benefits for air emissions reduction (primarily GHGs)
From page 40...
... 40 • Kraft says that it could cut 66,000 loads a year, which would result in a 33-million-mile drop in weekly vehicle miles driven, saving the company 6.6 million gallons of diesel fuel and 73,000 tons of CO2 emissions each week. • Campbell Soup said it could cut its annual loads by 41,000, reducing vehicle miles driven by 23 million, saving almost 4 million gallons of fuel and eliminating almost 40,000 tons of CO2.
From page 41...
... 41 that these technical and operational measures will, on their own, be unlikely to reduce global shipping emissions given the projected increase in global trade, the IMO also identified market-based instruments as being both cost effective and environmentally effective, as well as providing strong incentive for change (IMO, 2009)
From page 42...
... 42 of older trucks starting January 1, 2015. By January 1, 2023, nearly all vehicles will need to have 2010 model year engines or equivalent.
From page 43...
... 43 in the research. Despite the need to solve the issue of methane release, the research team expects this combination of factors could presage rapid development.
From page 44...
... 44 biomethane, with the fuel provided by Gasrec. This trial is not subsidized and no government entity is currently involved, although UPS is actively seeking public-sector interest.
From page 45...
... 45 Electric propulsion solutions for light-vehicle, urban package deliveries (e.g., tricycles) are being tested for use in old center cities facing issues of intense congestion, air pollution, and noise pollution.
From page 46...
... 46 subsequent reductions in transportation and facility costs (Napolitano, 2012)

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