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From page 193... ... INDE X A Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 38 American Museum of Natural History, 38 American Type Culture Collection, 71 Army Corps of Engineers, 3 6, 7 8, 148 Arthropods, 70, 71 Audubon Societies, 42 Australia biodiversity organizations, 65 Environmental Resources Information Network, 97 B Bacteria, 69, 71 Biodiversity Research Consortium, 39 Biological assessment development of protocols, 79 Biological data and information, 54, 121 access for researchers, 95 benefits, 53 dispersed locations, 57, 115, 161 needs, 94 online access, 161 organization, 97 public needs, 9S sources, 106 use by decision-makers, 93, 95, 97 use by public/private organizations, 55, 95 Biological diversity data management, 104 193 Read the entire page →
From page 194... ... . difficulties In m~n~m~ng threats, 44 inventories of rich areas, 158 rn~intenance and enhancement, 61 prospecting, 47, 48 Biological indicators ecological trends, 87 importance, 87 monitonog and assessment, 87 standards, 87 Biological resources, 31, 59, 61 anticipation of conflicts, 56 assessment, 28 challenging issues, 56 decision-making, 31, 54 definition, 26 detecting trends, 80 distribution, 57 dynamics, 52 effects of climate change, 85 effects of suburbanization, 65 esthetic experiences, 46 evaluation, 61 identifying changes, 80 improved management of, 54 information base for decisions, 57 information needs, 84 information flow, 1 1 1 inventorying and monitoring, 55 management, 29, 49, 50, 52, 54, 72, 90 management and preservation, 133 national and international networks, 39 objectives for assessment, 64 ENDED products of practical value, 121 programs directed at understanding, 28 regional n,~r~agement systems, 124 scientific basis for management, 31, 55 stewardship, 26, 129 sustainable use, 44, 54, 59 synergistic focus, 51 understanding, 29, 50 values and services, 26 Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends, 112 Biota documentation and assessment, 31 lack of basic knowledge, 27 preservation, 59 specimen and data collections, 67 Biotechnology, 25, 48, 71 Birds of North America, 65 Bishop Museum, 38 Botanical Society of America, 42 Breeding Bird Survey, 106, 112, 120 British Columbia regional management system, 125 Bureau of I'd Management, 32, 139 inclusion in NBS, 28 organization, 133 Bureau of Mines inclusion in NBS, 28 Bureau of Reclamation inclusion in NBS, 28 C California, 158 Read the entire page →
From page 195... ... , 65, 97 D Data and information ability to provide, 52 challenges in computerization 96 coordination and management, 106 custodianship, 109 dissemination, 117 ensuring scientific quality, 119 examples of necessary products, 121 formal review, 119 Read the entire page →
From page 196... ... . tremble system design, 112 Flora of North America, 39 functional requirements, 110 Human Genome Project, 108 impediments to integration, 106 leaning from others, 108 national and international, 75 NBSgoals,116 network interfaces, 110 NPBS development and organization, 31 queries on different scales and levels of orga~zation, 111 regional and statewide efforts, 161 requirements for NPBS, 94 specimen-based, 38 state level, 37 taxonomic, 106 The Nature Conservancy, 39 transformation, 109 use in ecosystem classification, 75 Decision-making, 59 available information, 54 communication of research findings, 94 information needs, 97 need for reliable information, 49, 93 role of NBS, 139 value and economic influences, 57 Delaware River basin, 39 Read the entire page →
From page 197... ... INDEX Department of Agriculture, 117, 133, 140 Agricultural Research Service, 35 Forest Service and Soil Conservation Service, 35 research programs, 73, 144 systematics research laboratories, 70 Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 35 Department of Defense, 36, 70 Department of Energy, 70 Department of the Interior (DOI) , 5, 40, 70, 105, 124, 127, 198, 133, 140, 141, 160 cooperative research units, 144 diverse bureau mandates, 125 formation of NBS, 28 PY 1995 budget, 153, 154 internal reorganization, 151 land management bureaus, 125, 141 National Biological Survey, 123 proposed National Biological Status and Trends Program, 112 role in NPBS, 39 Development effect on natural resources, 124 Diversification, 51 E Ecological diversity esthetic experiences, 47 Ecological productivity effects of climate change, 47 197 Ecological services decline due to pollution, 45 maintenance, 45 management and conservation, 45 replacement by technology, 45 Ecological Society of America, 42 Ecology, 51 Ecosystems alteration and degradation, 27 availability of short-term information, 47 determining highest priority, 157 documentation and assessment, 31, 53 environmental services, 25, 45 impact of changes, 79 interactions, 79, 80 inventorying, 158 location and size, 53 maintenance, 59 management, 71 modification from exotic species, 48 reducing undesirable effects, 45 research, 50 sensitivity to change, 54 structure and dynamics, 53 terrestrial and aquatic, 77 understanding location, 76 Endangered Species Act, 125, 139, 145 backlog of listing candidates, 26 embodiment of national policy, 43 recovery programs, 26 Environmental impact statements, 56, 77 Read the entire page →
From page 198... ... 198 Environmental Protection Agency, 36, 78, 79, 133, 140, 149, 154 Biodiversity Research Consortium, 39 Environmental Monitonug and Assessment Program, 107 research programs, 144 Environmental research, 70 interdisciplinary, 60 needs, 149 problems facing, 149 species inventories and classification, 70 Evolutionary biology, 51 Exotic species, 48, 79, 86 F Federal Coordinating Council on Biological Survey, 142, 144, 148, 153, 155 Federal Geographic Data Committee, 107 Fertilizers, 45 Field Museum of Natural History, 38 Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act, 154 Flora of North America, 65, 106, 113 information available from, 39 Florida Everglades, 158 Florida Museum of Natural History, 38 Freshwater Imperative, 40, 107 Functional integrity communities and ecosystems, 87 definition, 27 Fungi, 44, 46, 59, 69-71, 81, 83, 87 INDEX G Gap analysis database, 106 program, 112, 120 program completion, 159 Gene sequences, 44 Gene splicing, 48 Geographic Information Systems, 104, 155 Global Change Research Program, 112 Great Lakes Fisheries Assessment, 112 Great Lakes Fisheries Councils, 139 Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 73 Greenhouse gases, 47 H Habitats management and preservation, 25, 46, 47 variation in data needs, 53 Hawaii, 158 extinctions due to alien species, 86 native forests, 73 Huln~r1 activities biological impact, 44 contribution to decline in natural resources, 27 effects on climate change, 47 effects on species, 65 environmental effects, 45, 48, 159 most affected geographic locations, 161 Human Genome Project, 108, 109 Read the entire page →
From page 199... ... INDEX I Insects, 70, 71, 73 msectaria, 72 Interagency Task Force on Water Quality Monitoring, 107 Interagency Working Group and Data Management for Global Change, 107 Interior Geographic Data Commit tee, 105, 107 International Joint Commission on the Great Lakes databases, 39 Internet, 108, 110, 161 Invisible present, 86 Iza~k Walton League, 42 K Keystone linkages, 76, 77 Keystone species, 76, 77 L Land use decisions, 53 economic and biological effects, 57 Lichens, 71 Living collections, 72 M Maps and mapping, 104 deficiencies, 104 Marine environments degradation, 45, 49 lack of knowledge, 71 Massachusetts Audubon Society, 39 Medicines, 48 199 Metadata, 104, 107 Metropolitan areas expansion, 27, 44, 46, 51, 156 ecological impacts of expansion, 95 low density land use, 45 percent of population, 51 Mexico biological survey, 42, 51 Microbial diversity, 44 Migratory Bird Treaty Act, 139 Migratory birds, 45 Minerals Management Service, 28, 139 Missouri Botanical Garden, 38 Montana regional management system, 125 Moths of North America, 65 Museums, 144 Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 38 American Museum of Natural History, 38 Bishop Museum, 38 California Academy of Sciences, 38 efficient use of resources, 55 existing relevant programs, 30 Field Museum of Natural History, 38 Florida Museum of Natural History, 38 integration with NBS, 29 Missouri Botanical Garden, 38 National Museum of Natural History, 38 New York Botanical Garden, 38 role in NPBS, 38 Read the entire page →
From page 200... ... , 112 National Institutes of Health, 70 National Manne Fisheries Service, 148 Read the entire page →
From page 201... ... INDEX Biological Survey Unit, 38 National Marine Sanctuanes, 133 National Museum of Natural History, 38 National Ocean Service, 148 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) , 35, 105, 107, 140, 154 agency responsibilities, 43 research programs, 70, 73, 144 National Park Service, 32 agency responsibilities, 43 cooperative research units, 144 impact of personnel transfers, 154 inclusion in NBS, 28 National Partnership for Biological Survey, 63 abilities of, 31 ability to communicate information, 52 accountability among participants, 152 benefits, 53 benefits to biodiversity prospecting, 48 biota analysis, 67 budgetary considerations, 140, 141, 145, 146 cataloguing of information, 54 comprehensive structure, 57 computerized databases, 160 contributions to information development and use, 54 coordinating role, 80 coordination, 132 data and information policies, 93 data and information supply, 117 data standards, 106 201 description of, 29 desired charcteristics, 49 development of credible information base, 56 elements of, 32 federal level coordination, 55 federal programs, 155 framework for information assessment, 56 framework for multidisciplinary research, 50 funding stability, 155 identifying target areas, 78 implementation, 123 information from, 50 information management plan, 160 information products, 53 institutional components, 32 leadership role of the NBS, 32 limits to, 56 long-term effect, 133 management of institutional relationships, 123 means for effective organization, 49 need to set information priorities, 55 needs for scientific credibility, 49 online data dictionaries, 120 pilot projects, 90 print products, 121 priorities, 52, 61, 62 product communication, 121 product communication goals, 121 purpose, 31, 55, 57 research program, 50, 77 responsibilities toward selected taxa, 69 Read the entire page →
From page 202... ... , 107 National Wetlands Inventory, 112 National Wildlife Refuges, 133 Native Americans role in NPBS, 40 Nematodes, 44, 69, 71, 73 New York Botanical Garden, 38 Nongove~nment organizations relevant programs, 30 role in NPBS, 39 Nonrenewable resources, 44, 46, 51 Nutrient cycling, 71 Nutritional sources, 48 o Office of Environmental Quality, 149 Read the entire page →
From page 203... ... ENDS Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement inclusion in NBS, 28 p Pacific Northwest forests, 125 Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program, 112 Partners In Flight, 40, 124 Pesticides, 45 Pilot projects, 78, 89, 90 data model systems, 161 goals, 90 regional collaboration, 70, 157 scope, 91 study of key species, 74 Pittman-Robertson Act, 145 Pollution, 79, 83 assessment, 49, 79 assimilating of pollutants, 25, 61 biological impacts, 95 biological indicators, 79 negative effects, 45 nonpoint, 79 of wetlands, 45 recognizing warning signs, 79 sensitivity of organisms to, 86 Population biology, 74 Population genetics, 51 Populations distribution and abundance, 60 Private landholders role in NPBS, 40 Private sector conservation efforts, 26 existing relevant programs, 30 Public lands acquisition, 26 203 Puerto Rico, 42 biological resources, 40 role in ~PBS, 40 R Regional Collaborative Projects, 90 Regional management system complications in achieving, 125 Renewable resources, 46, 51 Research, 60 biological resources, 60, 63 broadening programs, 159 comparative, 51 communication of results, 118 coordination, 140 different perspectives, 104 domestic and international, 51 ecosystems, 73 environmental indicators, 158 federal spending, 146 human settlement pattems, 51 interdisciplinary, 60 restoration methods, 77 selected species, 73 short-term plan, 157 species diversity, 50 stability and financial support, 52 stimulating and coordinating, 50 stimulation of appropriate, 50 taxonomic, 65 type and scope, 50 Resources human and financial, 61 Restoration, 48, 77 identification of target areas, 78 Read the entire page →
From page 204... ... 204 inventorying, 158 marine environments, 49 of rivers, 78 pilot project, 78 potential candidate areas, lSS pnonties, 78 research efforts, 159 research on methods, 77 Restoration biology, 77 Rivers need for national inventory, 78 Russia relevant expertise, 42, 51 S Setting priorities, 59-61 data management, 160-162 for implementation, 151 general considerations, 62 multiple criteria, 61 personnel and administrative management, 153, 155, 156 research and inventory programs, 156, 158, 159 Smithsonian Institution, 154 National Biodiversity Center, 37 research programs, 144 role in NPBS, 37 specimen-based databases, 38 Standard Methods for Measuring Biological Diversity, 113 Social sciences, 51 Society for Conservation Biology, 42 Soils contamination and erosion, 48 decontamination, 48 South Pacific relevant expertise, 42, 51 INDEX Spatial analysis new opportunities, 104 Spatial data, 103 collection and documentation of, 105 Filler use, 105 production, 104 Spatial interactions, 97 Species changes in distribution and abundance, 87 catena for study, 72 international distribution, 51 knowledge of natural history, 72 population biology, 64 relevance to environmental issues, 73 understanding ecological requirements, 72 where they occur, 72 Species distributions, 96 Species diversity, 57 Species viability, 44 State biological surveys, 36, 65, 106, 107 integration with NBS, 29 State Hentage Programs, 37, 39, 119 Statistical design and evaluation, . 51 Status and trends, 50-53, 61 information, 55 measurement, 57 monitoring, 86 need for information, 44 objectives, 31, 83 predictive models, 159 Strategic implementation plan, 152 Systematics, 51 Systematics Agenda 2000, 107 Read the entire page →
From page 205... ... Fish and Wildlife Service, 32, 78, 139 205 agency responsibilities, 43 Biodiversity Research Consor tium, 39 Biological Survey Unit, 38 cooperative research units, 144 impact of personnel transfers, 154 inclusion in NBS, 28 Standard Methods for Measur ing Biological Diversity, 113 U.S. Forest Service, 78, 140, 148, 154 agency responsibilities, 43 Biodiversity Research Consor tium, 39 U.S. Read the entire page →

From page 193...

... INDE X A Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 38 American Museum of Natural History, 38 American Type Culture Collection, 71 Army Corps of Engineers, 3 6, 7 8, 148 Arthropods, 70, 71 Audubon Societies, 42 Australia biodiversity organizations, 65 Environmental Resources Information Network, 97 B Bacteria, 69, 71 Biodiversity Research Consortium, 39 Biological assessment development of protocols, 79 Biological data and information, 54, 121 access for researchers, 95 benefits, 53 dispersed locations, 57, 115, 161 needs, 94 online access, 161 organization, 97 public needs, 9S sources, 106 use by decision-makers, 93, 95, 97 use by public/private organizations, 55, 95 Biological diversity data management, 104 193

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From page 194...

... . difficulties In m~n~m~ng threats, 44 inventories of rich areas, 158 rn~intenance and enhancement, 61 prospecting, 47, 48 Biological indicators ecological trends, 87 importance, 87 monitonog and assessment, 87 standards, 87 Biological resources, 31, 59, 61 anticipation of conflicts, 56 assessment, 28 challenging issues, 56 decision-making, 31, 54 definition, 26 detecting trends, 80 distribution, 57 dynamics, 52 effects of climate change, 85 effects of suburbanization, 65 esthetic experiences, 46 evaluation, 61 identifying changes, 80 improved management of, 54 information base for decisions, 57 information needs, 84 information flow, 1 1 1 inventorying and monitoring, 55 management, 29, 49, 50, 52, 54, 72, 90 management and preservation, 133 national and international networks, 39 objectives for assessment, 64 ENDED products of practical value, 121 programs directed at understanding, 28 regional n,~r~agement systems, 124 scientific basis for management, 31, 55 stewardship, 26, 129 sustainable use, 44, 54, 59 synergistic focus, 51 understanding, 29, 50 values and services, 26 Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends, 112 Biota documentation and assessment, 31 lack of basic knowledge, 27 preservation, 59 specimen and data collections, 67 Biotechnology, 25, 48, 71 Birds of North America, 65 Bishop Museum, 38 Botanical Society of America, 42 Breeding Bird Survey, 106, 112, 120 British Columbia regional management system, 125 Bureau of I'd Management, 32, 139 inclusion in NBS, 28 organization, 133 Bureau of Mines inclusion in NBS, 28 Bureau of Reclamation inclusion in NBS, 28 C California, 158

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From page 195...

... , 65, 97 D Data and information ability to provide, 52 challenges in computerization 96 coordination and management, 106 custodianship, 109 dissemination, 117 ensuring scientific quality, 119 examples of necessary products, 121 formal review, 119

Read the entire page →

From page 196...

... . tremble system design, 112 Flora of North America, 39 functional requirements, 110 Human Genome Project, 108 impediments to integration, 106 leaning from others, 108 national and international, 75 NBSgoals,116 network interfaces, 110 NPBS development and organization, 31 queries on different scales and levels of orga~zation, 111 regional and statewide efforts, 161 requirements for NPBS, 94 specimen-based, 38 state level, 37 taxonomic, 106 The Nature Conservancy, 39 transformation, 109 use in ecosystem classification, 75 Decision-making, 59 available information, 54 communication of research findings, 94 information needs, 97 need for reliable information, 49, 93 role of NBS, 139 value and economic influences, 57 Delaware River basin, 39

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From page 197...

... INDEX Department of Agriculture, 117, 133, 140 Agricultural Research Service, 35 Forest Service and Soil Conservation Service, 35 research programs, 73, 144 systematics research laboratories, 70 Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 35 Department of Defense, 36, 70 Department of Energy, 70 Department of the Interior (DOI) , 5, 40, 70, 105, 124, 127, 198, 133, 140, 141, 160 cooperative research units, 144 diverse bureau mandates, 125 formation of NBS, 28 PY 1995 budget, 153, 154 internal reorganization, 151 land management bureaus, 125, 141 National Biological Survey, 123 proposed National Biological Status and Trends Program, 112 role in NPBS, 39 Development effect on natural resources, 124 Diversification, 51 E Ecological diversity esthetic experiences, 47 Ecological productivity effects of climate change, 47 197 Ecological services decline due to pollution, 45 maintenance, 45 management and conservation, 45 replacement by technology, 45 Ecological Society of America, 42 Ecology, 51 Ecosystems alteration and degradation, 27 availability of short-term information, 47 determining highest priority, 157 documentation and assessment, 31, 53 environmental services, 25, 45 impact of changes, 79 interactions, 79, 80 inventorying, 158 location and size, 53 maintenance, 59 management, 71 modification from exotic species, 48 reducing undesirable effects, 45 research, 50 sensitivity to change, 54 structure and dynamics, 53 terrestrial and aquatic, 77 understanding location, 76 Endangered Species Act, 125, 139, 145 backlog of listing candidates, 26 embodiment of national policy, 43 recovery programs, 26 Environmental impact statements, 56, 77

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From page 198...

... 198 Environmental Protection Agency, 36, 78, 79, 133, 140, 149, 154 Biodiversity Research Consortium, 39 Environmental Monitonug and Assessment Program, 107 research programs, 144 Environmental research, 70 interdisciplinary, 60 needs, 149 problems facing, 149 species inventories and classification, 70 Evolutionary biology, 51 Exotic species, 48, 79, 86 F Federal Coordinating Council on Biological Survey, 142, 144, 148, 153, 155 Federal Geographic Data Committee, 107 Fertilizers, 45 Field Museum of Natural History, 38 Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act, 154 Flora of North America, 65, 106, 113 information available from, 39 Florida Everglades, 158 Florida Museum of Natural History, 38 Freshwater Imperative, 40, 107 Functional integrity communities and ecosystems, 87 definition, 27 Fungi, 44, 46, 59, 69-71, 81, 83, 87 INDEX G Gap analysis database, 106 program, 112, 120 program completion, 159 Gene sequences, 44 Gene splicing, 48 Geographic Information Systems, 104, 155 Global Change Research Program, 112 Great Lakes Fisheries Assessment, 112 Great Lakes Fisheries Councils, 139 Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 73 Greenhouse gases, 47 H Habitats management and preservation, 25, 46, 47 variation in data needs, 53 Hawaii, 158 extinctions due to alien species, 86 native forests, 73 Huln~r1 activities biological impact, 44 contribution to decline in natural resources, 27 effects on climate change, 47 effects on species, 65 environmental effects, 45, 48, 159 most affected geographic locations, 161 Human Genome Project, 108, 109

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From page 199...

... INDEX I Insects, 70, 71, 73 msectaria, 72 Interagency Task Force on Water Quality Monitoring, 107 Interagency Working Group and Data Management for Global Change, 107 Interior Geographic Data Commit tee, 105, 107 International Joint Commission on the Great Lakes databases, 39 Internet, 108, 110, 161 Invisible present, 86 Iza~k Walton League, 42 K Keystone linkages, 76, 77 Keystone species, 76, 77 L Land use decisions, 53 economic and biological effects, 57 Lichens, 71 Living collections, 72 M Maps and mapping, 104 deficiencies, 104 Marine environments degradation, 45, 49 lack of knowledge, 71 Massachusetts Audubon Society, 39 Medicines, 48 199 Metadata, 104, 107 Metropolitan areas expansion, 27, 44, 46, 51, 156 ecological impacts of expansion, 95 low density land use, 45 percent of population, 51 Mexico biological survey, 42, 51 Microbial diversity, 44 Migratory Bird Treaty Act, 139 Migratory birds, 45 Minerals Management Service, 28, 139 Missouri Botanical Garden, 38 Montana regional management system, 125 Moths of North America, 65 Museums, 144 Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 38 American Museum of Natural History, 38 Bishop Museum, 38 California Academy of Sciences, 38 efficient use of resources, 55 existing relevant programs, 30 Field Museum of Natural History, 38 Florida Museum of Natural History, 38 integration with NBS, 29 Missouri Botanical Garden, 38 National Museum of Natural History, 38 New York Botanical Garden, 38 role in NPBS, 38

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From page 200...

... , 112 National Institutes of Health, 70 National Manne Fisheries Service, 148

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From page 201...

... INDEX Biological Survey Unit, 38 National Marine Sanctuanes, 133 National Museum of Natural History, 38 National Ocean Service, 148 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) , 35, 105, 107, 140, 154 agency responsibilities, 43 research programs, 70, 73, 144 National Park Service, 32 agency responsibilities, 43 cooperative research units, 144 impact of personnel transfers, 154 inclusion in NBS, 28 National Partnership for Biological Survey, 63 abilities of, 31 ability to communicate information, 52 accountability among participants, 152 benefits, 53 benefits to biodiversity prospecting, 48 biota analysis, 67 budgetary considerations, 140, 141, 145, 146 cataloguing of information, 54 comprehensive structure, 57 computerized databases, 160 contributions to information development and use, 54 coordinating role, 80 coordination, 132 data and information policies, 93 data and information supply, 117 data standards, 106 201 description of, 29 desired charcteristics, 49 development of credible information base, 56 elements of, 32 federal level coordination, 55 federal programs, 155 framework for information assessment, 56 framework for multidisciplinary research, 50 funding stability, 155 identifying target areas, 78 implementation, 123 information from, 50 information management plan, 160 information products, 53 institutional components, 32 leadership role of the NBS, 32 limits to, 56 long-term effect, 133 management of institutional relationships, 123 means for effective organization, 49 need to set information priorities, 55 needs for scientific credibility, 49 online data dictionaries, 120 pilot projects, 90 print products, 121 priorities, 52, 61, 62 product communication, 121 product communication goals, 121 purpose, 31, 55, 57 research program, 50, 77 responsibilities toward selected taxa, 69

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From page 202...

... , 107 National Wetlands Inventory, 112 National Wildlife Refuges, 133 Native Americans role in NPBS, 40 Nematodes, 44, 69, 71, 73 New York Botanical Garden, 38 Nongove~nment organizations relevant programs, 30 role in NPBS, 39 Nonrenewable resources, 44, 46, 51 Nutrient cycling, 71 Nutritional sources, 48 o Office of Environmental Quality, 149

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From page 203...

... ENDS Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement inclusion in NBS, 28 p Pacific Northwest forests, 125 Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program, 112 Partners In Flight, 40, 124 Pesticides, 45 Pilot projects, 78, 89, 90 data model systems, 161 goals, 90 regional collaboration, 70, 157 scope, 91 study of key species, 74 Pittman-Robertson Act, 145 Pollution, 79, 83 assessment, 49, 79 assimilating of pollutants, 25, 61 biological impacts, 95 biological indicators, 79 negative effects, 45 nonpoint, 79 of wetlands, 45 recognizing warning signs, 79 sensitivity of organisms to, 86 Population biology, 74 Population genetics, 51 Populations distribution and abundance, 60 Private landholders role in NPBS, 40 Private sector conservation efforts, 26 existing relevant programs, 30 Public lands acquisition, 26 203 Puerto Rico, 42 biological resources, 40 role in ~PBS, 40 R Regional Collaborative Projects, 90 Regional management system complications in achieving, 125 Renewable resources, 46, 51 Research, 60 biological resources, 60, 63 broadening programs, 159 comparative, 51 communication of results, 118 coordination, 140 different perspectives, 104 domestic and international, 51 ecosystems, 73 environmental indicators, 158 federal spending, 146 human settlement pattems, 51 interdisciplinary, 60 restoration methods, 77 selected species, 73 short-term plan, 157 species diversity, 50 stability and financial support, 52 stimulating and coordinating, 50 stimulation of appropriate, 50 taxonomic, 65 type and scope, 50 Resources human and financial, 61 Restoration, 48, 77 identification of target areas, 78

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From page 204...

... 204 inventorying, 158 marine environments, 49 of rivers, 78 pilot project, 78 potential candidate areas, lSS pnonties, 78 research efforts, 159 research on methods, 77 Restoration biology, 77 Rivers need for national inventory, 78 Russia relevant expertise, 42, 51 S Setting priorities, 59-61 data management, 160-162 for implementation, 151 general considerations, 62 multiple criteria, 61 personnel and administrative management, 153, 155, 156 research and inventory programs, 156, 158, 159 Smithsonian Institution, 154 National Biodiversity Center, 37 research programs, 144 role in NPBS, 37 specimen-based databases, 38 Standard Methods for Measuring Biological Diversity, 113 Social sciences, 51 Society for Conservation Biology, 42 Soils contamination and erosion, 48 decontamination, 48 South Pacific relevant expertise, 42, 51 INDEX Spatial analysis new opportunities, 104 Spatial data, 103 collection and documentation of, 105 Filler use, 105 production, 104 Spatial interactions, 97 Species changes in distribution and abundance, 87 catena for study, 72 international distribution, 51 knowledge of natural history, 72 population biology, 64 relevance to environmental issues, 73 understanding ecological requirements, 72 where they occur, 72 Species distributions, 96 Species diversity, 57 Species viability, 44 State biological surveys, 36, 65, 106, 107 integration with NBS, 29 State Hentage Programs, 37, 39, 119 Statistical design and evaluation, . 51 Status and trends, 50-53, 61 information, 55 measurement, 57 monitoring, 86 need for information, 44 objectives, 31, 83 predictive models, 159 Strategic implementation plan, 152 Systematics, 51 Systematics Agenda 2000, 107

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From page 205...

... Fish and Wildlife Service, 32, 78, 139 205 agency responsibilities, 43 Biodiversity Research Consor tium, 39 Biological Survey Unit, 38 cooperative research units, 144 impact of personnel transfers, 154 inclusion in NBS, 28 Standard Methods for Measur ing Biological Diversity, 113 U.S. Forest Service, 78, 140, 148, 154 agency responsibilities, 43 Biodiversity Research Consor tium, 39 U.S.

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INDEX Pages 193-205

INDEX
Pages 193-205