Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers (2013) / Chapter Skim
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From page 106... ...
D-1 Using Appendix D Appendix D contains summaries of the deicer treatment experiences at 15 airports, listed in the following, that have used the 11 deicer treatment technologies referenced in the fact sheets. Bradley International Airport (reverse osmosis)
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From page 107... ...
D-2 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers When assessing the actual performance of specific deicer treatment systems included in the airport summaries, an attempt was made by the research team to consider the numeric performance indicators in the context of the system operation conditions. It is recommended that guidebook users who seek out information from other airports' systems use similar caution.
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From page 108... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-3 Airport Treatment Summary No. 1 Airport: Bradley International Airport -- Windsor Locks, CT (BDL)
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From page 109... ...
D-4 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Deicer Treatment Technology Selection Considerations The on-site recycling system as a whole at BDL was designed, installed, and implemented to meet the following requirements: • Compliance with federal and state environmental regulations, Connecticut Department of Energy and Environment orders, and wastewater discharge/pretreatment permits at the airport. • On-site treatment that generated wastewater requires compliance with the following: maximum discharge of 288,000 gallons of wastewater per day, limitations of 125-mg/L propylene glycol, 200-mg/L BOD5, 600-mg/L COD, a pH of 6.0–10.0, and 125-mg/L TSS.
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From page 110... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-5 Description of Support Systems The support systems at BDL for the RO and MVR treatment technology are diversion and storage, pumping systems, chemical pretreatment, and a storage tank for the recycled glycol. The passive system for ADF collection at BDL includes a diversion structure and pump station to move fluid from terminal areas to the recycling facility.
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From page 111... ...
D-6 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Table 5 summarizes the treatment design for a single MVR treatment unit. Typically, a treatment system that uses MVR technology would use sufficient MVR units to meet the needs of the airport system.
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From page 112... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-7 Parameter Value Unit Design flow rates - Minimum - Average - Maximum 40 Not available 50 Gallons per minute Design treatment load capacity 51,000*
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From page 113... ...
Number of stages 2 Constant flow or batch Constant flow Influent pressure range (psi) 575 to 625 Influent flow rate range for stage 1 (gpm)
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From page 114... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-9 Parameter Value Unit Flow rates - Minimum - Average - Maximum 0.3 9.2 31 Gallons per minute Actual COD treatment load rate - Average - Maximum 2,700*
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From page 115... ...
D-10 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Conclusions on Performance of BDL RO and MVR Treatment System Influent Deicer Concentrations The influent deicer concentration is a primary factor in the design and operation of RO and MVR treatment systems. While dilute concentrations of PG-affected stormwater can be treated by an RO/MVR treatment system, the RO/MVR treatment system performs better with higher influent deicer concentrations.
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From page 116... ...
Stage 1 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Total or Average for Season Influent volume processed (gal) 20,273 75,812 625,786 602,007 300,774 1,326,694 141,721 0 139,206 29,738 3,262,011 Average influent glycol concentration (% PG)
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From page 117... ...
9-28 to 10-25 10-26 to 11-22 11-23 to 12-20 12-21 to 1-17 1-18 to 02-14 2-15 to 03- 14 03-15 to 04-11 04-12 to 05-09 5-10 to 06-06 06-07 to 07-04 07-05 to 08-01 Stage 1 (1/4 – MVRs) 1 MVRs 2 MVRs 2 MVRs 3 MVRs 2 MVRs 4 MVRs 3 MVRs 1 MVRs 0 MVRs 1 MVRs 1 MVRs Season Total Influent volume processed (gallons)
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From page 118... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-13 of the low-concentration treatment system. The processed fluid from the UF systems must be less than 200 NTU before being fed to the RO system.
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From page 119... ...
D-14 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers The distillate stream discharges or is sent through the RO treatment system again. The RO system is operated so that the distillate stream contains concentrations below the permitted concentration.
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From page 120... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-15 1. Adequate filtration methods prior to treatment; 2.
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From page 121... ...
D-16 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers 2. The RO and MVR technologies are excellent for treating high propylene glycol concentrations.
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From page 122... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-17 Airport Treatment Summary No. 2 Airport: Nashville International Airport -- Nashville, TN (BNA)
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From page 123... ...
D-18 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Because of budgetary constraints, MNAA implemented the aerated lagoon technology but not the activated sludge system. A plan was also implemented to monitor performance of the aerated lagoon on an ongoing basis to assess the need to add the potential second-stage activated sludge treatment in the future.
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From page 124... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-19 The system operators manually feed nutrients to supplement growth of the bacteria in the treatment system. Originally, solid nutrients were fed into the influent end of the lagoon until operators noted during lagoon maintenance that the solid nutrients were building up on the lagoon bottom, apparently due to a lack of dissolution in the water.
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From page 125... ...
D-20 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Cost Assessment for the BNA Aerated Lagoon Treatment System See Table 5 for treatment system costs. Conclusions on Performance of BNA Aerated Lagoon System Influent Deicer Concentrations The influent concentration is variable and cannot be controlled in the system as it is operated today.
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From page 126... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-21 Flow Rate The flow rates into the system fluctuate significantly, as different pumps from the ponds are activated, with flow rates fluctuating between 70 gpm and 244 gpm when the pumps are running. This fluctuation in flow rates may not have been accounted for in the original system treatability studies, which assumed a more steady-state operation.
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From page 127... ...
D-22 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers of other factors. Other factors that may influence the biomass are appropriate nutrient loading, sufficient mixing, sufficient aeration, and control of returned sludge to bolster the biomass concentration.
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From page 128... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-23 Airport Treatment Summary No. 3 Airport: Buffalo Niagara International Airport -- Buffalo, NY (BUF)
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From page 129... ...
D-24 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers 4. The treatment system needed to be retrofitted into the existing stormwater management system.
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From page 130... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-25 meters (1 meter per bed)
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From page 131... ...
D-26 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Flow Rate The flow rate is not a direct operational factor in the aerated gravel bed treatment system. However, the flow rate does vary based on the treatment loading rate and treatment system detention time.
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From page 132... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-27 Lessons Learned for Potential Implementation of the Aerated Gravel Bed Technology at Other Airports The factors listed in the following have proven critical to effective and efficient performance in the BUF aerated gravel bed system: 1. Control of flow and TOC loading rates.
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From page 133... ...
D-28 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers The system went online in spring of 2009 and performed as expected until late December 2009. In late December 2009, the formation of polysaccharides (slime)
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From page 134... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-29 Airport Treatment Summary No. 4 Airport: Akron–Canton Airport -- North Canton, OH (CAK)
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From page 135... ...
D-30 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers treatment were the most applicable potential treatment and disposal options. The following conclusions on treatment technologies were reached before the AFBR technology was selected: • POTW (sanitary)
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From page 136... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-31 and exchange loop, chemical feed for nutrient addition and pH control, biogas handling, and biological solids removal and handling. Collected runoff water from the storage tanks is pumped at a flow rate set by the system operators to achieve a constant COD loading as influent COD concentrations change.
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From page 137... ...
D-32 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers The information in Table 3 on actual system performance was derived from daily data collected at the facility between 2008 and 2011. Table 4 presents performance data for each of the system's five operating seasons.
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From page 138... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-33 Year Unit 2 007–2008 (Start-up Season) 2008–2009 2009–2010 2010– 2011 2011– 2012 TREATMENT TIME Full season Treatment system startup date 12/4/2007 12/1/2008 1/23/2010 1/11/2011 1/11/2012 Treatment system end date 7/24/2008 7/17/2009 6/30/2010 5/17/2011 2/17/2012 Treatment days – season Days 233 228 158 126 37 Start-up period Start-up end date 1/11/2008 2/7/2009 2/14/2010 2/15/2011 2/17/2012 Treatment days – startup Days 38 68 22 35 37 Period for performance assessment Start date 12/24/2007 2/7/2009 2/14/2010 2/15/2011 1/11/2012 End date 2/11/2008 7/17/2009 6/30/2010 5/17/2011 2/17/2012 Treatment days – performance assessment Days 49 160 136 91 37 Hydraulic retention time average Days 3.7 7.3 5.0 5.6 8.2 TOTAL SYSTEM PERFORMANCE Flow rate maximum gpm 14.7 7.1 10.7 8.3 9.6 Flow rate average gpm 8.4 3.9 5.9 5.4 4.4 Flow rate minimum gpm 4.6 0.9 2.8 3.1 1.4 Influent COD load maximum lbs/day 4,727 4,156 4,597 4044 3236 Influent COD load average lbs/day 3,390 3,654 4,151 3665 1648 Effluent COD load maximum lbs/day 146 32 46 65 21 Effluent COD load average lbs/day 34 8 10 14 3 Influent COD concentration maximum mg/L 55,900 105,100 97,600 84,500 53,340 Influent COD concentration average mg/L 39,195 84,129 64,382 60,359 33,783 Influent COD concentration minimum mg/L 25,350 45,290 29,500 36,120 18,540 Reactor effluent COD concentration average mg/L 288 162 141 231 62 Clarifier effluent COD concentration maximum mg/L 475 105 190 351 28 Clarifier effluent COD concentration average mg/L 176 41 37 128 5 Load removed % 98.99% 99.77% 99.76% 99.62% 99.78% Table 4.
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From page 139... ...
D-34 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Note: sCOD = soluble COD.
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From page 140... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-35 the potential range of treatment capabilities. Soluble influent PG and COD concentrations, as dictated by deicing activity and runoff volumes from the deicing pad, have been higher than projected primarily due to less rainfall in winter than anticipated.
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From page 141... ...
D-36 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers soluble COD loading rate is the primary means by which the system is controlled and provides a good comparison of whether the treatment system meets its design expectations. The CAK AFBR system has been able to treat at a higher throughput than envisioned during design.
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From page 142... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-37 compressor from the main building for noise control purposes, modify the sampling system, and provide better heat management in the building. Average annual operating costs are approximately $55,900, including utilities, chemicals, analyses, and solids management.
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From page 143... ...
D-38 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers phosphorous in the influent was not bio-available. The lack of bio-available phosphorus limited biomass growth and temporarily reduced the treatment capacity to approximately 25% of design capacity.
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From page 144... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-39 9. If treating high concentrations, such as is the case with flows from deicing pads, consider the potential impacts of the lower flow rates that are needed to maintain a consistent COD loading, including effects on storage, effects on solids removal, and effects on effluent concentrations.
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From page 145... ...
D-40 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Airport Treatment Summary No. 5 Airport: Westover Air Reserve Base -- Chicopee, MA (CEF)
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From page 146... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-41 for selecting a subsurface flow wetland (SSFW) system was limitation of free water surfaces to minimize attraction of birds and the potential threat to aircraft safety.
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From page 147... ...
D-42 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Key Treatment System Sizing Parameters1 See Table 1 for sizing parameters. Treatment System Performance The data in Table 2 presents the intended design performance of the system.
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From page 148... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-43 Parameter Value Unit Flow rates - Minimum - Average - Maximum 0 118 354 Gallons per minute Actual COD treatment load rate - Maximum 1,550 lbs/day Actual BOD5 treatment load rate - Maximum 910 lbs/day Actual PG treatment load rate - Average - Maximum 2,185*
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From page 149... ...
D-44 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Treated Load Rate The SSFW treatment system is not supported by a storage system. Therefore, the treatment load rates are slug loaded when a deicing event occurs.
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From page 150... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-45 2. Treatment effectiveness might be improved by use of equalization up front to reduce slug loads.
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From page 151... ...
D-46 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Airport Treatment Summary No. 6 Airport: Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport -- Kenton County, KY (CVG)
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From page 152... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-47 Deicer Treatment Technology Selection Considerations Deicer management at CVG has evolved over time to meet changing permit requirements, deicer use changes, and performance needs. The initial implementation consisted of deicing pads, storage, and subsequent recycling using mechanical vapor recompression, plus discharge of runoff from other areas of the airport to the local POTW.
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From page 153... ...
D-48 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers one of the more significant deicer management challenges that an airport can face. Several years of study were performed prior to selection and design of the initial biological treatment system.
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From page 154... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-49 reduced during periods of low loading while still maintaining the contact between the deicer and reducing the risk of solids settling out of the water. A clarifier for removal of solids is integral to the aerated basin unit.
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From page 155... ...
D-50 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Treatment System Performance2 The data in Table 3 on the intended design performance of the activated sludge system were derived from airport records and publicly available presentations. The information in Table 4 and Table 5 on actual system performance was derived from daily data collected at the facility for the 2011–2012 deicing season.
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From page 156... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-51 aeration basins aids in managing the variable concentrations. Maintaining a constant and healthy biomass in response to variable concentrations can be challenging at times because flows into the treatment are not controlled.
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From page 157... ...
D-52 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Cost Category Projected at Initial Implementation Actual Capital cost Not provided SWTP (2001) Pilot: $393,425 SWTP (2005)
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From page 158... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-53 supplement the food (BOD) source to the treatment system to maintain an active biomass, resulting in additional costs incurred.
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From page 159... ...
D-54 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers 2. It is necessary to add nutrients to the aeration basin on a regular basis.
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From page 160... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-55 Airport Treatment Summary No. 7 Airport: Denver International Airport -- Denver, CO (DEN)
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From page 161... ...
D-56 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers High-concentrate runoff of greater than 1% concentration (10,000-mg/L PG) is managed for recycling-based treatment as follows.
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From page 162... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-57 Lower-concentrate runoff from concourses and ramps of less than 10,000-mg/L PG is directed to lined retention ponds and sent to WADS for metering to the sanitary sewer system and subsequent treatment at the local POTW. The effluent discharge limitations to the POTW from recycling operations are: • Daily maximum BOD load: 0.5 tons, • Instantaneous maximum concentration COD: 2,500 mg/L, and • Maximum daily flow volume: 0.288 mgd.
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From page 163... ...
D-58 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers which at this time is metering to the local POTW. DEN has a user permit for this discharge and pays fees based on volume and BOD load.
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From page 164... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-59 An activated carbon filtration step was added to the influent of the distillation process to decrease the amount of solids and particulate matter that normally would build up in the heat exchangers and cause loss of heat exchange. Without this filtration step, the system would require frequent shutdowns to perform tedious maintenance.
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From page 165... ...
D-60 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Component/Parameter Size/Capacity of Treatment Units Number of Treatment Units Total Capacity Recycling system stormwater storage capacity 420,000 gallons 835,000 gallons 3,200,000 gallons 5 1 1 6.135 million gallons Concentrated recycled product storage tanks 7 tanks; each tank is 12' D x 25' H 20,000 gallons each 140,000 gallons Low-concentrate system (POTW discharge) stormwater storage Ponds 001, 002, 004, 005 and 009 3.5–30 million gallons 60.5 million gallons Table 2.
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From page 166... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-61 Parameter Single-Stage Production Two-Stage Production Stage 1 Stage 2 Influent flow rate range (gallons per hour) 150 to 200 170 to 230 130 to 170 Influent glycol concentration range (% glycol)
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From page 167... ...
9-28 to 10-25 10-26 to 1122 11-23 to 1220 12-21 to 01-17 1-18 to 2-14 2-15 to 3- 14 3-15 to 4-11 4-12 to 5-9 5-10 to 6-6 6-7 to 7-4 7-5 to 8-1 8-2 to 8-29 08-30 to 9-26 Total or Avg for Season Number of MVR units 6 MVRs 6 MVRs 6 MVRs 6 MVRs 8 MVRs 8 MVRs 8 MVRs 8 MVRs 8 MVRs 8 MVRs 8 MVRs 8 MVRs 8 MVRs Influent vol processed (gallons) 570,777 542,268 555,587 586,543 832,951 723,507 704,000 750,366 804,766 770,043 800,906 766,551 716,590 9,124,855 Avg influent glycol concentration (% PG)
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From page 168... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-63 Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Total or Avg for Season Influent volume processed (gallons) 143,874 281,391 341,698 215,092 246,194 206,286 213,827 66,847 1,715,209 Average concentration of influent glycol (% PG)
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From page 169... ...
D-64 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Conclusions on Performance of DEN MVR and Distillation Treatment System Influent Deicer Concentrations Influent glycol concentration is a primary parameter used to demonstrate the performance of the MVR systems. With each deicing event, concentrations of spent ADF fluctuate.
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From page 170... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-65 per gallon in the effluent increases. In addition, the effluent concentration of the fluid being produced becomes the influent for the distillation system.
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From page 171... ...
D-66 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers in glycol concentration. Overall, the recycling process saves a significant amount of money for the city each year.
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From page 172... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-67 There are few airports that spray and recover enough ADF to justify installation of an on-site distillation system. Although this model has been extremely successful in Denver, many airports could not generate enough glycol to offset the capital and operating expenses.
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From page 173... ...
D-68 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Airport Treatment Summary No. 8 Airport: Detroit Metropolitan International Airport -- Detroit, MI (DTW)
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From page 174... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-69 Wyandotte, Michigan, experienced challenges. Gate deicing by tenants was affecting very large volumes of stormwater runoff, and occasional overflows of stormwater management ponds were occurring more and more often.
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From page 175... ...
D-70 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers No treatment performance data were routinely collected or readily available for review by the research team since the POTW or off-site recycler manages all treatment. Cost Assessment for the DTW POTW Discharges and Recycling The rates paid for discharge of deicer-affected stormwater to the POTW are shown in Table 2.
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From page 176... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-71 to the firm's facility a few miles away from the airport for further processing and purification. The industrial recycling operation has been very economical for DTW since the contract provides for a payback to DTW depending on the volume of fluid collected.
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From page 177... ...
D-72 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Airport Treatment Summary No. 9 Airport: Wilmington Air Park -- Wilmington, OH (ILN)
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From page 178... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-73 eliminated most of its domestic cargo operations and moved its international operations to the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Airport in 2009, the deicer management system was mothballed. Currently, there is an aircraft maintenance operation at ILN.
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From page 179... ...
D-74 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers had to be collected and managed. Being a cargo-only facility, each aircraft was deiced at its own unique location, once per day.
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From page 180... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-75 managing the growth of the bacterial films on the gravel and through summertime degradation of the dead biomass within the cells. Key Treatment System Sizing Parameters See Table 1 for sizing parameters.
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From page 181... ...
D-76 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Cost Assessment for the ILN Reciprocating Gravel Bed System See Table 4 for treatment system costs. Conclusions on Performance of ILN Reciprocating Gravel Bed System Influent Deicer Concentrations Influent deicer concentrations, although monitored regularly, are not a primary control parameter used in managing the loading to the system.
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From page 182... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-77 BOD concentrations of less than the detection limits of the BOD test could also be obtained. COD effluent concentrations rose when water temperatures were less than 40°F, especially when the system was overloaded.
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From page 183... ...
D-78 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers 2. At temperatures of less than 38°F, treatment rates were less than anticipated from the pilot studies.
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From page 184... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-79 Airport Treatment Summary No. 10 Airport: London Heathrow International Airport -- London, United Kingdom (LHR)
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From page 185... ...
D-80 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers The existing floating reed bed channels were transformed into aerated channels. The channels were designed using aerated lagoon practices.
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From page 186... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-81 3. Results from an on-site pilot test that demonstrated the capacity of the system.
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From page 187... ...
D-82 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers The facility has numerous online BOD meters that are used to monitor real-time values of BOD within the system. These data are logged, along with related flow rates.
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From page 188... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-83 2. The nutrient dosing points around the system should be flexible and accessible.
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From page 189... ...
D-84 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Airport Treatment Summary No. 11 Airport: Oslo Airport, Gardermoen -- Oslo, Norway (OSL)
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From page 190... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-85 Stormwater runoff containing ADF collected from the deicing pads and portions of the runways is separated into three separate storage tanks at each deicing pad based on deicer usage and weather conditions. These tanks contain collected runoff at three different concentration levels (Table 1)
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From page 191... ...
D-86 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Deicer Treatment Technology Description The OSL treatment system is unique with respect to process concept. Stormwater is segregated by COD concentrations, and the medium-concentration fraction and the low-concentration fraction are treated in distinctly different parts of the biological treatment plant.
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From page 192... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-87 The information in Table 4 on actual system performance was derived from facility data from the year 2000. Conclusions on Performance of OSL MBBR System Influent Deicer Concentrations The collected deicer-contaminated stormwater sent to the fixed film portion of the MBBR contains less than 2,000-mg PG/L, or approximately 3,400-mg COD/L.
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From page 193... ...
D-88 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers plant. Prior to treatment in the MBBR, the deicing-affected stormwater is mixed with the influent sanitary wastewater.
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From page 194... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-89 1. The MBBR technology is located in an enclosed facility, with the cold stormwater influent mixed into warm sanitary wastewater.
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From page 195... ...
D-90 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Airport Treatment Summary No. 12 Airport: Portland International Airport -- Portland, OR (PDX)
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From page 196... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-91 A wide variety of deicer treatment technologies was considered for PDX. An AFBR treatment facility was chosen because of its proven ability to treat deicer-affected runoff, its ability to remove a high percentage of influent BOD5, its ability to withstand the potential intermittent availability of deicer without needing to reseed the system, and because the system fit well into PDX's existing airport-wide deicer management system.
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From page 197... ...
D-92 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Description of Support Systems The AFBR at PDX includes the following support systems for the treatment reactor-separator unit: storage (one 2-million-gallon tank and one 3-million-gallon tank for concentrated deicer runoff) , influent pumping system, heat generation and exchange loop, chemical feed for nutrient addition and pH control, biogas handling, and biological solids removal and handling.
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From page 198... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-93 Parameter Value Unit Design flow rates - Minimum - Average - Maximum 5 35 200 Gallons per minute Design treatment load capacity 11,500 6,700*
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From page 199... ...
D-94 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 12/5 12/19 1/2 1/16 1/30 2/13 2/27 3/12 3/26 4/9 4/23 Pe rc en t R em ov al (% ) PERCENT LOAD REMOVAL BY DEICER TREATMENT SYSTEM Train 1 Train 2 Avg.
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From page 200... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-95 Conclusions on Performance of PDX AFBR System The conclusions presented here are based only on 2011–2012 data, which was the system's start-up season. Influent Deicer Concentrations Influent COD concentrations were higher than would be expected in subsequent seasons due to the times when the system was fed from off-spec and new glycol sources.
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From page 201... ...
D-96 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Documents and Information Review in Development of Airport Summary 1. Portland International Airport Deicing Facility Enhancement Project Schematic Design Report (2008)
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From page 202... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-97 Airport Treatment Summary No. 13 Airport: Edmonton International Airport -- Edmonton, Alberta (YEG)
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From page 203... ...
D-98 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers to treat the full capacity of the storage pond within a 60-day time period once treatment starts in the spring, and to produce a high-quality effluent to protect the receiving stream. Deicer Treatment Technology Selection Considerations The primary considerations for the airport in selection of the upgraded treatment technology were low capital cost, a system that was compatible with existing systems, the ability to provide sufficient treatment load, and the ability to reliably meet effluent limits.
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From page 204... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-99 Description of Support Systems Influent from the gun club pond is pumped into an aboveground splitter structure that divides flow between the trains. Influent pumps (two)
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From page 205... ...
D-100 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers nonbiodegradable fraction of organics in the water. Figure 5 provides a visual confirmation of treatment after 24 hours of operation.
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From page 206... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-101 Lessons Learned for Potential Implementation of the AFBR Technology at Other Airports The following factors are anticipated to be critical to effective and efficient performance in the YEG aerated gravel bed system: 1. The ability to maintain a loading rate below 0.051-lbs BOD/ft2/day.
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From page 207... ...
D-102 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Airport Treatment Summary No. 14 Airport: Halifax International Airport -- Halifax, Nova Scotia (YHZ)
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From page 208... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-103 YHZ has deicing pads that consist of a pumping system that the airport owns and maintains. This is used to pump all high-volume fluids from the deicing pads into aboveground storage tanks beside the pads.
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From page 209... ...
D-104 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers with variable frequency drives, heat exchangers, a scrubber-absorber, electrical service, a control system, MVR maintenance, and solids disposal. Filtration systems installed to treat influent on the MVR units are an integral part of the overall recycling system.
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From page 210... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-105 and pumping systems and owns the drain blocking devices used in the spent-ADF collection infrastructure. See Table 1 for treatment sizing parameters.
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From page 211... ...
D-106 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Parameters Single-Stage Production Two-Stage Production Stage 1 Stage 2 Influent flow rate range (gallons per hour) 150 to 200 170 to 230 130 to 170 Influent glycol concentration range (% glycol)
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From page 212... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-107 Historical Data Assessment Based on Three Seasons of Data from 2009 Through 20126 See Table 7 through Table 9 for actual MVR data at YHZ. Cost Assessment for YHZ MVR Treatment System The recycling contractor leases the airport land for the glycol processing facility as well as the airside tanks at YHZ.
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From page 213... ...
D-108 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers 4.3%. This low-percentage feed is processed by two of the MVR units to make a concentrated stream with an average concentration of 14%.
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From page 214... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-109 Stage 1 November December January February March April Total or Avg for Season Influent volume processed (liters) 502,376 1,056,419 1,168,546 1,218,376 1,385,299 1,346,240 6,677,256 Average influent glycol concentration (% EG)
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From page 215... ...
D-110 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers adjust various parameters on each MVR via the PLC and can do so as conditions or influent characteristics change. In Stage 1 of the processing phase, the effluent glycol produced averaged 14% EG.
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From page 216... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-111 2. Quality of influent improved by filtration methods prior to treatment.
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From page 217... ...
D-112 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Airport Treatment Summary No. 15 Airport: Zurich International Airport -- Zurich, Switzerland (ZRH)
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From page 218... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-113 airport surface area is currently collected. However, based on pressure from regulators, ZRH is planning to expand the area of runoff collected and treated.
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From page 219... ...
D-114 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers The spray irrigation system was tested from 2002 to 2007 as described in the following and has been operational since. The testing was performed to establish the parameters for controlling influent flows to the irrigation system based on ambient conditions.
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From page 220... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-115 irrigation system (see Figure 3) requires a complex series of pumps, pipes, and approximately 700 pop-up sprinklers with heated heads to prevent the mechanism from freezing in winter.
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From page 221... ...
D-116 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers The irrigation areas are located in the infield areas adjacent to runways and taxiways, although outside of the runway safety areas. Approximately 36% of the total surface runoff and 7% of the total spent deicer load are treated in the current irrigation system.
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From page 222... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-117 Treatment System Performance The data in Table 2 reflect the intended design performance of the ZRH in-situ soil/irrigation treatment system. Table 3 shows actual values.
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From page 223... ...
D-118 Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Conclusions on Performance of ZRH Irrigation System Influent Deicer Concentrations Like many biological treatment systems, while influent TOC concentrations are measured, the flow into the treatment systems is essentially controlled based on TOC mass loading rate rather than concentrations. If collected concentrations are high, the flow rate to the treatment areas is reduced.
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From page 224... ...
Airport Deicer Treatment System Summaries D-119 1. While there is no active control of the treatment elements such as oxygen supply and nutrient addition that is seen with other biological treatment systems, ZRH employs an extensive effort to control the timing of when the systems are fed with deicer-affected water, the mass loading rates, and the flow rates.
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From page 225... ...
Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005)
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Key Terms
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