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Pages 34-42

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From page 34...
... IV. DATA EXCHANGE STANDARDS This chapter covers the related topics of how data is exchanged, the use of data exchange standards in other industries and common processes for developing data standards.
From page 35...
... Data Exchange Standards in Other Industries Air Travel Industry Since the 1960's, the air travel industry has made use of a standardized means of structuring data about airline flights -- and eventually, much more -- in order to enable computer reservations system to share information about airline reservations/tickets. The need for data standards arose due to inter-lining requirements, in which a passenger's travel itinerary involved one or more airlines other than the airline that the itinerary was booked on and which was used for the initial flight.
From page 36...
... which can contain multiple types of formats, particularly when multiple passengers are traveling on the same record locator number. By contemporary standards, the PNR system is undesirable as an approach to data standards.
From page 37...
... Data Exchange Standards in the Public Transit Industry The "Transit Communications Interface Profiles" (TCIP) standards are a major initiative organized by APTA, working in partnership with the US Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration, to implement the U.S.
From page 38...
... FTA maintains a policy that ITS projects be consistent with the National ITS Architecture. The National ITS Architecture identifies the services required by users (who could be the public or a systems operator)
From page 39...
... Processes for Developing Data Exchange Standards In the case of the airline industry, standards were developed internally as the industries saw a business advantage in working together to create mechanisms to exchange data. This is common in many industries, particularly where the industry owns the software.
From page 40...
... initial GTFS document, and then created a process whereby a "community" of GTFS users could extend and modify the specification. Transit agencies and individual software developers -- or the Google Transit manager themselves -- propose modifications to the specification, comments are generated, participants engage in discussion and debate about the merits of the proposals, and eventually the Google Transit manager makes a decision about changes to the specification.
From page 41...
... Alliance for Information and Referral Systems is a professional member association serving over 1,200 information and referral services. Their mission is to "To provide leadership and support to its members and Affiliates to advance the capacity of a Standards-driven information and referral industry that brings people and services together."
 AIRS works in partnership with a variety of national associations and: • Supports a taxonomy for organizing 2-1-1 social service information, • Establishes processes and standards to provide quality control, and • Provides training, and certification.
From page 42...
... 5-1-1 Data Exchange. A third example of developing common standards is for transportation information through 5-1-1 centers.

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