Effective Removal of Pavement Markings (2013) / Chapter Skim
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20 The pavement marking removal survey was one of the main sources of information for the research. The overall goal of the survey was to get as many quality responses as possible from a variety of sources to answer as many questions as possible about pavement marking removal.
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21 could provide beneficial information to the survey. The international response was limited to two manufacturers, one industry representative, and one ministry of transportation.
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22 Figure 6. Map indicating responding states and local agencies.
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23 These specifications will be further examined when discussing various questions throughout the survey. In the survey, the researchers asked what types of pavement marking removal methods are used or have been used, as well as the road surface and pavement marking material types on which they were used.
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24 Type of Removal Status N um be r of R es po ns es Pavement Type N um be r of R es po n se s Pavement Marking Type A ll Pa in t Th er m o Ta pe Ep ox y Po ly ur ea U re th an e M M A Water Blasting Yes 23 All 10 9 Asphalt 8 6 4 3 3 2 1 Concrete 10 9 5 6 5 4 2 Surface Treatment 1 1 1 1 Never 3 No Longer 0 Grinding Yes 29 All 11 11 1 2 Asphalt 12 9 10 7 5 4 3 1 Concrete 13 10 10 8 6 4 3 1 Surface Treatment 3 2 1 2 2 1 1 Never 0 No Longer 0 Sand Blasting Yes 17 All 9 6 3 2 Asphalt 3 2 2 1 2 2 Concrete 3 3 2 1 2 2 Surface Treatment 2 2 2 1 1 Never 2 No Longer 5 Combination Blasting + Grinding Yes 8 All 3 2 Asphalt 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 Concrete 5 5 4 5 3 3 1 Surface Treatment Never 5 No Longer 1 Shot Blasting Yes 14 All 7 6 Asphalt 5 5 5 1 2 3 3 1 Concrete 6 5 6 1 3 3 3 1 Surface Treatment 1 1 1 1 1 Never 3 No Longer 2 Masking Yes 16 All 9 6 3 Asphalt 5 4 4 4 3 2 1 Concrete 5 4 3 5 3 2 1 Surface Treatment Never 5 No Longer 1 CO2 Blasting Experimental 1 All 1 1 1 Soda Blasting Experimental 1 All 1 1 1 Table 9. DOT -- current/past pavement marking removal practices.
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25 marking conditions. All but one respondent indicated that markings were masked only temporarily (see Table 11)
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26 Are you aware of any emerging technologies in the field of pavement marking removal such as chemical systems or a combination of mechanical processes? If yes, please describe and/or provide a website link for more information.
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27 Are there any removal technologies that you would like to try that you are not currently using due to environmental impact, cost, unavailability, or some other factor? If yes, please describe which types you would like to use.
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28 Describe your organization's preferred removal technique and indicate whether this varies by marking or road surface type? Number of Responses None 4 Water Blasting 9 Grinding 10 Sand Blasting 1 Masking 1 Hydroblasting 2 Comments: Different district offices have different preferences on how to remove markings.
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29 Describe your organization's preferred removal technique and indicate whether this varies by marking or road surface type? Number of Responses Water Blasting 4 Grinding 2 Mixed Media Blasting 1 Comments: Water blasting for less scarring.
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30 When selecting markings for a work zone is the quality and cost effectiveness of removal (and subsequent remnants/scarring) taken into consideration?
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31 Discuss how much pavement damage (surface scarring) is acceptable to completely remove a marking.
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32 Discuss how much pavement damage (surface scarring) is acceptable to completely remove a marking.
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33 Are traces of marking on the road surface acceptable if the majority of the marking is gone? Are there acceptable threshold levels?
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34 Are you aware of any emerging technologies in the field of pavement marking removal such as chemical systems or a combination of mechanical processes? If yes, please describe and/or provide a website link for more information.
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35 On a scale of 1-10 (1=poor, 10=excellent) , rate the quality of the following pavement marking removal methods for each of the listed criteria.
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36 Table 30. DOT -- comments on removal satisfaction.
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37 Table 31. Local agency -- comments on removal satisfaction.
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38 Type of Removal Status of Removal Types of Pavements or Road Surfaces Types of Marking Material Removed Comments on Satisfaction with Results (Pros and Cons of the Removal Method) Grinding current HMA, PCC paint, epoxy Depends on the thickness of material and substrate.
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39 Table 33. DOT -- typical removal costs.
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40 What are the typical removal costs, listed by removal technique/road surface type/marking material? Type of Removal Type of Pavement Types of Marking Materials Removed Estimated Removal Cost Grinding Concrete/ Asphalt Thermo/Paint We own the grinders and estimated grinder cost per job based on the employee working.
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41 What are the typical removal rates, listed by removal technique/road surface type/marking material? Type of Removal Type of Pavement Types of Marking Materials Removed Estimated Removal Rate All All Paint, Urethane, Polyurea 4 line-mi/day All All Thermo, Tape 5 line-mi/day Any PCC Any 1-3 mi/day Rates vary and technology is improving constantly Aware of grinding trucks at 4 mph Grinding Concrete, Asphalt Thermo 40-50,000 lf/day Grinding Concrete, Asphalt Paint 50-70,000 lf/day Grinding 2-4 mph, 1 truck goes slow, multiple trucks go faster.
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42 Table 40. DOT -- environmental concerns.
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43 Table 40. (Continued)
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44 Type of Removal Type of Pavement Types of Marking Materials Removed Describe Environmental Concerns or Issues by Marking Removal Process Describe Techniques or Processes Used to Reduce Potential Environmental Impacts for Each Process Water Blasting PCC Epoxy Debris run off. Use vacuum assist.
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45 Type of Removal Type of Pavement Types of Marking Materials Removed Describe Worker Safety Concerns or Issues by Marking Removal Process Describe Techniques or Processes Used to Reduce Potential Worker Safety Concerns or Issues for Each Process Pulling Type R Tape, Grinding, Blasting Noise, heavy equipment, traffic hazards. Limit worker exposure to traffic.
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46 Type of Removal Type of Pavement Types of Marking Materials Removed Describe Worker Safety Concerns or Issues by Marking Removal Process Describe Techniques or Processes Used to Reduce Potential Worker Safety Concerns or Issues for Each Process Shot Blasting PCC Paint Shot being projectiles Ensure equipment is properly maintained with good seals Water Blasting Asphalt Durable Water and freezing temperatures may have issues Mixed Media Dry Ice Blasting All Paint Noise, breathing residue PPE: safety glasses, mask, hearing protection Table 45. Other respondents -- worker safety concerns.
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47 Have you received any public comments about the removal of markings? If yes, please describe the types of comments (indicate whether the comments were positive, negative, or mixed)
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48 Please describe past pavement marking removal experiences (either good or bad) that may be of benefit to this research.
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