Environmental Science in the Coastal Zone Issues for Further Research (1994) / Chapter Skim
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2 A Synopsis of Coastal Meteorology: A Review of the State of the Science...
2 A Synopsis of Coastal Meteorology: A Review of the State of the Science...
Pages 14-19
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From page 14... ...
Examples of coastal meteorological phenomena include the sea breeze, sea-breeze-related thunderstorms, coastal fronts, marine stratus, fog and haze, enhanced winter snow storms, and strong winds associated with coastal orography. Increased knowledge of several or all of these is important for studies on the physical and chemical oceanography of the coastal ocean.
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From page 15... ...
fundamental relationships between the ocean wave spectrum, the surface fluxes,and bulk coastal marine stratocumulus. THERMALLY DRIVEN EFFECTS Although the recognition of the land-sea breeze dates back to antiquity, the deeper understanding needed to make accurate forecasts is still lacking.
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From page 16... ...
the fine-scale structure of the sea-breeze front, including the associated vertical motions, and internal boundary layers above complex coastlines and heterogeneous surfaces; ~ree-dimensional interactions of the land-sea breeze with variable synoptic-scale flow, nonuniform land and water surfaces, irregular coastlines, and complex terrain; dynamical interactions of the land-sea breeze with stratus clouds and with precipitating and nonprecipitating cumulus convection; geographical distribution, spatial coverage, and modes of propagation of coastal fronts; and processes of heat and moisture flux from leads and polynyas. THE INFLUENCE OF OROGRAPHY Coastal mountain ranges can significantly affect coastal meteorology.
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From page 17... ...
Interactions of this nature are important to the understanding of the coastal ocean and the chemical and biological processes occurring there. Areas identified for further study are the coupled ocean-atmosphere processes that control the interactions between the wind field, ABE structure, and upper ocean; · the local physical and chemical processes governing air-sea fluxes of momentum, heat, moisture, particulate, and gas within an inhomogeneous coastal ABE and variable wave state; and · the role of remote mesoscale spatial inhomogeneities in controlling atmosphere-ocean dynamics in a coastal environment.
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From page 18... ...
The highly variable winds near the coast may sweep pollutants out to sea on a land breeze but Hen bring them back with the sea breeze. More accurate estimates of the vertical motion fields associated with these wind systems are critical for determining the layers at which the pollutant will ultimately reside (and the horizontal direction in which it will move)
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From page 19... ...
To improve our capabilities and opportunities, the Panel on Coastal Meteorology recommends: . the use of recently developed remote sensors to obtain detailed, four-dimensional data sets to describe coastal regions and the upgrade of buoy and surface station networks to obtain quality, long-duration data sets; · the on-site use of affordable, high-performance work stations that can provide decentralized computations during study of local phenomena, be used to determine the sensitivity of coastal processes to various influences, and be used to study techniques for assimilating data into real-time forecasts; and · the increased use of conferences, short courses, and university training programs to encourage more scientists to explore the meteorology of the coastal zone.
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