Environmental Science in the Coastal Zone Issues for Further Research (1994) / Chapter Skim
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6 Types of Coastal Zones: Similarities and Differences by Douglas L.Inman
6 Types of Coastal Zones: Similarities and Differences by Douglas L.Inman
Pages 67-84
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From page 67... ...
These types range from the ice-push coasts of Alaska to the coral reef coasts of Hawaii and southern Florida. They include, as well, the far more common types, such as the barrier beach coasts of the Atlantic; the steep, cliff-backed coasts of the Pacific; and the marginal-seas-type coast of the Gulf of Mexico.
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From page 68... ...
The coastal plains of marginal sea coasts vary in width and may be bordered by hills and low mountains. Rivers entering the sea along marginal sea coasts often develop extensive deltas because of the reduced intensity of wave action associated with small bodies of water.
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From page 69... ...
69 t A ~ ~ 3""( ~= ~ ~ ~ it..
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From page 70... ...
are characteristic of the east coast (trailing edge) and west coast (collision edge)
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From page 71... ...
COASTAL PROCESSES Similarities and differences in coastal types are most easily understood in terms of nearshore circulation cells and the budget of sediment in littoral cells. Nearshore circulation cells determine the path of wave-driven water circulation on a local scale of about 1 km on ocean beaches, while the
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From page 72... ...
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From page 73... ...
Types of Coastal Zones 73 120.0° 60.0° _~ ~ - o~3~ ~ -16 J cn~/century \~ Car 75.oo 66.5° Do - 23.5° FIGURE 6.4 The predicated rate of uplift (+) and subsidence (-)
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From page 74... ...
The rip currents are the seaward return flow for the longshore currents that flow parallel to the shore inside of the surf zone. The pattern that results from this flow takes the form of a horizontal eddy or cell, called the nearshore circulation cell (Inman et al., 1971, Figure 6.5)
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From page 75... ...
................. 75 Concentrate of Floating and Suspended material FIGURE 6.5 Schematic diagram of nearshore circulation cell consisting of onshore transport by the breaking wave, longshore transport in the surf zone and offshore transport by seaward flowing rip currents.
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From page 76... ...
COASTAL ZONE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES Mixing and longshore transport of nutrients, pollutants, and sediment occur in the nearshore circulation cells that are ubiquitous to all coastal zones. However, the dimensions and intensities of mixing and sediment transport are determined principally by wave climate.
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From page 77... ...
. FIGURE 6.6 Sediment source, transport paths, and sinks for typical littoral cells along (a)
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From page 78... ...
For example, rivers and streams are generally important sediment sources for collision coasts, whereas shelf and barrier roll-over are generally more important sources along trailing-edge coasts. Collision Coasts Collision coasts are erosional features characterized by narrow shelves and beaches backed by wave-cut seacliffs.
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From page 79... ...
The Outer Banks of North Carolina, which include the Hatteras and Ocracoke Littoral Cells, extend for 320 kilometers and are the largest barrier island chain in the world. The Outer Banks are barrier islands separating Pamlico, Albemarle, and Currituck Sounds from the Atlantic Ocean.
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From page 80... ...
During the three months of summer, the ice pack withdraws from the Beaufort Sea coast forming a 25-km to 50-km wide coastal waterway. In contrast to winter, the summer processes are classical nearshore phenomena driven by waves and currents as shown by the beaches and barrier island chain in the vicinity of Crusoe Bay (Figure 6.7~.
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From page 81... ...
In - ~ ~ ~ I'll/// ~ I=~b: ~ G s<07)
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From page 82... ...
82 East ~= nisi ~ ~ ~~3~=~381S , +~m j~= Z ~ JI ~.
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From page 83... ...
Chapter 9 in State of the Coast Report, San Diego Region Coast of California Storm and Tidal Waves Study, v.1. Final Report, September 1991.
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From page 84... ...
S Geological Survey During 1986: United States Geological Survey Circular 998.
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