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1 Overview
Pages 1-13

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From page 1...
... Yet the coastal zone is made up of complex, fragile ecosystems. Accelerated landuse changes threaten key ecosystem functions necessary to maintain plant and animal communities, impact the quality and quantity of our water supplies, and reduce our ability to harvest natural resources from the coast to the limits of the Exclusive Economic Zone.
From page 2...
... This Act provided policy objectives for the coastal zone and authorized federal grants-in-aid to facilitate the establishment of State Coastal Zone Authorities. The Clean Water Act of 1972, and later amendments, asserted federal authority over all navigable waters, requiring uniform, minimum standards for municipal and industrial wastewater.
From page 3...
... In a discussion of the contamination of the Hudson River and its estuary, the authors point out the significant and largely untapped potential for collaboration between research scientists and agencies involved in monitoring programs -- a collaboration that could make these nrn~rnms s~.rv~. hnth research and regulatory objectives better and at lower cost.
From page 4...
... reviews recent assessments of the major pollution problems facing the coastal zones throughout the world, and suggests that without a new paradigm that recognizes the need for a coordinated, multi-disciplinary research program in coastal sciences, the prospect for improvements in coastal ocean quality is bleak. Coastal Management and Policy, William Eichbaum.
From page 5...
... The dilution of salt marshes and loss of endangered species habitat are direct results. Additionally, highway construction and urban development tend to close off estuary inlets, effectively reducing the natural tidal flushing and further increasing the volume of fresh water.
From page 6...
... . left homeless according to a recent United Nations report (United Nations Center for Regional Development, 1991)
From page 7...
... INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT In the United States, many agencies are now implementing various integrated approaches to protect, conserve, or restore coastal environments. Examples include the EPA National Estuary Program and interagency programs for the Great Lakes, the Chesapeake Bay, and the Gulf of Maine.
From page 8...
... , defines integrated coastal management as an "ecologically based, iterative process for identifying, at a regional scale, environmental objectives and cost-effective strategies for achieving them." Implicit in the concept of integrated coastal management is the infusion of the best scientific knowledge available into the design of research, monitoring, and management programs, and assistance in the development of new methods and techniques for better management of coastal resources. The dimensions of integrated coastal management, however, go beyond the need to understand the science and management of the coastal zone ecosystems.
From page 9...
... With this in mind, the following issues are highlighted as significant priorities that should be examined closely by the relevant NRC boards and the federal agencies they serve. Modeling Needs for Coastal Management While traditional approaches to environmental management of coastal areas tend to focus on the coastal fringe, an integrated approach would be regional in scope, extending the geographic area and the types of environments that need to be managed farther inland, often to an entire watershed, as well as offshore.
From page 10...
... There seems to be a significant and largely untapped potential for collaboration across disciplinary studies between research scientists and the agencies involved in monitoring programs. Data are often collected inconsistently, by different groups and for different objectives.
From page 11...
... Institutional Arrangements The institutional relationships that characterize governance of the many activities along the coast are complex, fragmented, and compartmentalized. Federal statutes (e.g., the Clean Water Act; the Coastal Zone Management Act; the Oil Pollution Act; the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act; the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act, the National Environmental Policy Act; the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act; and the Coastal Barrier Resources Act)
From page 12...
... It notes however that while a centralized, regional agency, in concept, appears to be an attractive institution for integrated coastal management, it may not in fact be the best alternative. More experience needs to be gained and an assessment made of the effectiveness of various institutional arrangements.
From page 13...
... Overview U.S. Commission on Marine Science, Engineering, and Resources.


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