Infectious Disease Mitigation in Airports and on Aircraft (2013) / Chapter Skim
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2C H A P T E R 1 Commercial air travel has seen a steady increase in passengers over the last 20 years, including higher passenger densities per aircraft. Perhaps even more importantly, transformational change to the nation's air traffic control systems, embodied by the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA)
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Introduction 3 of individuals from geographically diverse regions with differing population immunity and endemic diseases, who all interact with airline and airport operation staff, as well as with each other. Routes of Transmission An understanding of how infectious diseases are transmitted from an infected individual to an uninfected individual is needed to develop strategies to prevent transmission.
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4 Infectious Disease Mitigation in Airports and on Aircraft seven additional clean surfaces. Studies in which surfaces are evaluated have shown that the majority of commonly touched surfaces, such as faucets, ATM screens, and escalator railings are contaminated with microorganisms.
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Introduction 5 The Aircraft Cabin The aircraft cabin environment is presumed to be relevant to disease transmission due to: close proximity of passengers, long duration of close contact during flight, confined space, mixing of passengers from disparate geographical regions, and large numbers of travelers that use the space with only limited cleaning/disinfection between uses throughout a given day. As described above, disease transmission can occur through inhalation of aerosols or droplets, or through direct contact with contaminated surfaces.
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6 Infectious Disease Mitigation in Airports and on Aircraft attendant movement through the cabin)
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Introduction 7 The HVAC systems in the airport terminal have the ability to minimize transmission of airborne infectious agents by two primary mechanisms: dilution and filtration. HVAC systems dilute point source pollutants, such as aerosols released by infectious individuals, both by the introduction of outdoor air, and by spreading point source pollutants over a much larger volume (i.e., dilution)
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8 Infectious Disease Mitigation in Airports and on Aircraft that are relevant to disease transmission. A typical traveler may take a bus, train, or taxi to the airport -- micro-environments that represent spaces shared by many people, some of whom may be infectious and may contaminate these spaces.
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Introduction 9 Additional Information The recommendations that are described in this report are based for the most part on primary scientific literature. This literature is cited in ACRP Project 02-20A's Final Report available at http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?
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