Guidebook on Integrating GIS in Emergency Management at Airports (2013) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 90-124
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P a r t I V Appendices
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97 Adaptive Planning -- The capability to create and revise plans rapidly and systematically as circumstances require. Address Geocoding -- A GIS operation for converting street addresses into spatial data that can be displayed as features on a map, usually by referencing address information from a street segment data layer.
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98 Guidebook on Integrating GIS in Emergency Management at Airports Command Staff -- Positions that assume responsibility for key activities at an incident and are not part of the line organization. The command staff is headed by the incident commander.
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Glossary and Acronyms 99 ESRI -- Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. is a software company that develops GIS solutions.
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100 Guidebook on Integrating GIS in Emergency Management at Airports International Standards Organization (ISO) -- A nongovernmental network of the national standards institutes of 162 countries, and the largest developer and publisher of international standards.
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101 In conjunction with Exhibit 3-4 (discussed in Chapter 3 of Part II and provided in full in Appendix F) , this appendix provides the detailed discussions for each GIS application area.
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102 Guidebook on Integrating GIS in Emergency Management at Airports • A geodatabase design with 300 feature classes -- from smoke detectors and passenger assistance monitors to noise contours and 3D roof prints, and • An interior floor plan data and attribution for buildings in and around the airport, collected via floor plan surveys and CAD drawing conversions. As part of this GIS effort, the airport's GIS group has developed the GIS MapPort Tool, a web-enabled mapping tool designed for desktop users that supports field operations.
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GIS-EM Integration at Airports: Benefits, Opportunities, and Best Practices 103 FieldPort, for example, is a work order application supporting the FAA Part 139 inspection process. Facilities Services Operations at a major airport provides work order information, whether maintenance or repair, to the air field staff including the GPS coordinates of the associated asset.
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104 Guidebook on Integrating GIS in Emergency Management at Airports Resource Management This application area deals with various aspects of managing different types of resources, including response vehicles/units, personnel, unit groups, inventories, supplies, etc. GIS has been very beneficial in this regard, as it assists emergency management leaders in identifying, locating, displaying, tracking, coordinating, allocating, and optimizing these resources efficiently and effectively.
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GIS-EM Integration at Airports: Benefits, Opportunities, and Best Practices 105 to determine the optimal equipping and stationing of response unit vehicles based on specific event types. Airport emergency response units stationed on-site, for example, will need to be equipped to handle airport-specific incidents if utilized in that capacity only.
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106 Guidebook on Integrating GIS in Emergency Management at Airports Due to the many variations of these and other conditions, and the vast coverage area including multiple municipalities, the CAD system performs all the complex rule-based calculations. Although a map with vehicle location is available for viewing, there is no human decision made based on that map information.
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GIS-EM Integration at Airports: Benefits, Opportunities, and Best Practices 107 Source: City of Phoenix, Fire Department Exhibit B-4. Caller location/address verification in "911 Maricopa," a City of Phoenix Fire Department CAD/GIS system.
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108 Guidebook on Integrating GIS in Emergency Management at Airports A separate, non-CAD, GIS application is available as a back-up for call takers should the CAD system ever be unavailable. The GIS application can determine the incident location and present the vehicles that are available to respond.
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GIS-EM Integration at Airports: Benefits, Opportunities, and Best Practices 109 • Collaboration simulations to practice the coordinated efforts of various on-site and off-site emergency management entities (airport, city, county, state) for a specific event on, or near to, an airport.
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110 Guidebook on Integrating GIS in Emergency Management at Airports A major U.S. airport project, for example, designed and installed an advanced physical airport security system for both interior and exterior facilities.
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GIS-EM Integration at Airports: Benefits, Opportunities, and Best Practices 111 and transmitted via wireless and cellular technology by touching a special tag on the phone or by returning the digital pen to its USB charging cradle. The GIS workstation located in the ECC is running ESRI ArcMap and also includes typical business applications, particularly email.
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112 Guidebook on Integrating GIS in Emergency Management at Airports Historic Incident Analysis A properly integrated CAD/GIS system can provide the capability to investigate historical incident information to perform post-incident or aggregate incident analysis. In such a system, GIS data is the key provider of information to the dispatch system for application processing (incident information, vehicle status, logic rules, etc.)
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GIS-EM Integration at Airports: Benefits, Opportunities, and Best Practices 113 This could become especially relevant when an airport's emergency vehicles are dispatched outside airport territory. In addition, when it becomes necessary to review vehicle/unit allocation and utilization, the system's historical analysis capabilities can assist in providing quantifiable data demonstrating where demand and capacity are mismatched.
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114 Guidebook on Integrating GIS in Emergency Management at Airports budget development to identify who should be paying for additional resources. It is also beneficial in resource efficiency management where costs are assessed in a unified manner, considering the entire territory covered by all jurisdictions and their respective resources being utilized.
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GIS-EM Integration at Airports: Benefits, Opportunities, and Best Practices 115 impact. This type of data is nevertheless very helpful in estimating potential impacts of such a hazard to airport facilities, personnel, and passengers.
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116 Case Study Reports The case study reports are not provided herein but are available on the associated CD-ROM, CRP-CD-139. CRP-CD-139 is enclosed with printed reports and is available for download as an ISO image from the TRB website by searching for ACRP Report 88.
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117 Exhibit 3-3 Specific GIS Functions by Application Area A P P E N D I X D EM Phase Application Area Examples of Specific Functions M iti ga tio n / P la nn in g Natural Hazard Identification & Assessment Identifying possible hazards (earthquake faults, fire hazard areas, flood zones, shoreline exposure, etc.) Presenting climate, weather, atmospheric, seismic, topographical, geological, and other related data Monitoring changing conditions that can cause natural disasters (such as earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, wildfires, floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, tsunamis, avalanches, freezes, blizzards/snowstorms, etc.)
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118 Guidebook on Integrating GIS in Emergency Management at Airports EM Phase Application Area Examples of Specific Functions R es po ns e CAD/E911 Locating, selecting, and dispatching response units via integrated CAD and E-911 systems Mobile/GPS Locating and dispatching mobile units via integrated GPS system Response Unit Management (Response) Coordinating the efforts of emergency response units/groups Displaying and coordinating multiple response units in case of simultaneous instances in different locations Environmental Site Analysis Identifying relevant information of the incidence site and surroundings before response units arrive at the scene Short-Term Predictive Hazard Modeling Using environmental parameters and data to conduct hazard modeling for short-term prediction Evacuation Route Analysis Determining who needs to be evacuated and the best evacuation routes (uses real-time traffic data including road closures, etc.)
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119 Data Sharing Process A P P E N D I X E
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121 Internal Data Sharing A P P E N D I X F
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123 A P P E N D I X G GIS Data Update
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125 A P P E N D I X H GIS Data Maintenance Process – Data Import
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127 A P P E N D I X I Q: How does GIS impact emergency management policies and procedures? Answer: EM policies and procedures will vary from operation to operation.
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128 Guidebook on Integrating GIS in Emergency Management at Airports Q: What is the impact of standards on GIS and emergency management? Answer: Data standards are needed to ensure reliability and effectiveness of the data used in GIS-EM integration.
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Frequently Asked Questions 129 • Key Features: – Spatially accurate locations of runways, taxiways, and buildings; – Updated either continuously or as part of AIP/PFC funded construction and planning projects; and – Funded method to create base GIS data. • Limitations: – Not everything at an airport is included; – Underground utilities are not required; and – Limited attribute information tracked.
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Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005)
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