Recycled Materials and Byproducts in Highway Applications—Coal Combustion Byproducts, Volume 2 (2013) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 11-21
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11 Fly Ash Physical and Chemical Properties The important compounds of interest to the highway industry are primarily the cations silicon, aluminum, iron, and calcium with traces of magnesium, potassium, sodium, titanium, and sulfur. No information was found for anionic constituents.
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12 FIGURE 5 Fly ash at 2,000× magnification (FHWA and ACAA 2003)
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13 Constituent TCLP-(A)
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14 2009 Fly Ash, Type C 4 44 4 4 3 DE - 3 3 3 32 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 NJ - 1 1 1 3 CT - 1 1 1 1 1 42 DC - 2 2 FIGURE 7 2009 agency survey results for fly ash (numbers indicate number of applications in which fly ash is used in each state)
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15 Table 21 provides information on the typical engineer ing properties for bottom ash used in geotechnical applications. As with the boiler slag, a wide range of optimum moisture contents is required to achieve an equally wide range of maximum dry densities.
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16 tables are below the EPA hazardous waste criteria. When bottom ash is used in encapsulated applications such as asphalt concrete or stabilized base material, these trace metals and organic compounds are not expected to pose an environmental problem.
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17 have some fly ash content. Figure 10 shows alternative paths for FgD sludge.
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18 Compound Concentration, mg /kg Compound Concentration, mg /kg 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene -- C hrysene -- 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine -- D ibenzo (aH) Anthracene -- 1,3-Dichlorobenzene <0.02 D iethylphthalate -- 1,4-Dichlorobenzene <0.02 D imethylphthalate -- 2,4-Dinitrotoluene -- D i-N-Butyl Phthalate <0.2 2,6-Dinitrotoluene -- D i-N-Octyl Phthalate <0.2 2-Chloronaphthalene -- Fluoranthene <0.2 3,3-Dichlorobenzidine -- F luorene <0.2 4-Brom phenyl Phenyl-Ether -- Hexachlorobenzene <0.2 4-Chlorophenyl Phenyl-Ether <0.2 Hexachlorobutadiene -- Acenaphthene <0.2 Hexachlororethane <0.2 Acenaphthylene -- I ndeno (1,2,3-cd)
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19 FGD Sludge Dry Disposal No ThickeningThickening No Oxidation (sulfite formation) Forced Oxidation (sulfate formation)
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20 fined strength that exhibits a slow but substantial strength gain (Table 29)
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21 Environmentally Related Properties Constituents in FgD leachate are shown in Table 31 (Chesner et al.
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