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From page 28... ...
28 As described in Chapter 1, this project was conducted in three parts. Part I involved surveying current practices for RAP management, collecting data on RAP stockpile testing, and discussing lessons learned with contractors.
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From page 29... ...
29 als were cooled, then the binder was extracted in accordance with AASHTO T 164 using trichloroethylene and recovered using the rotary evaporator apparatus in accordance with ASTM D6847. The recovered binder was then graded in accordance with AASHTO R 29 and compared to the performance grade for the RAP binder before heating.
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30 help resolve issues about the degree of blending of virgin and recycled binders, compatibility of binders, and how to best select the appropriate grade of virgin binder. Accordingly, all the mix designs in this study were tested to determine the dynamic moduli in accordance with the recommended standards available at the time the project began.
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From page 31... ...
31 The binder recovered from coarse RAP was tested to have a true grade of 73.8-24.8, and the fine RAP had a true grade of 71.1-26.3. The standard virgin binder for the area is a PG 67-22.
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From page 32... ...
32 binders were not locally available, they provided an alternate binder that was routinely used, which was one or two grades higher on the high temperature end. Thus, these stiffer binders are presumed to be polymer-modified binders.
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33 LVDT mounting studs were glued onto each specimen in 120° intervals around the cut and cored specimens. Once the glue for the LVDT mounting studs dried, a membrane was pulled over the specimen and mounting studs.
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34 1.0E-01 1.0E+00 1.0E+01 1.0E+02 1.0E+03 1.0E+04 1.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.0E+07 1.0E-03 1.0E-02 1.0E-01 1.0E+00 1.0E+01 1.0E+02 1.0E+03 1.0E+04 1.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.0E+07 Reduced Frequency (Hz)
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From page 35... ...
35 Specimens were compacted to 7 ± 0.5 percent air voids with dimensions of 150 mm in diameter and 95 ± 5 mm tall. The conditioned set specimens were saturated to between 70 and 80 percent and then subjected to one freeze-thaw cycle.
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From page 36... ...
36 In the analysis of the data, the point of specimen fracture for the fracture energy test was defined using the methodology developed for determining the Florida energy ratio (64)
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From page 37... ...
37 Although Minnesota had the lowest temperature, the typical binder used was a PG -28, while for Utah, for which the temperature was the highest, the typical binder used had the lowest PG of -34. The materials received for the project were used to prepare four gyratory cylinders (115 mm tall by 150 mm diameter)
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38 Figure 2-7. Specimen holder for saw cutting.
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39 Figure 2-9. BBR thin asphalt mixture beams.
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40 4. Thermal stresses are calculated from the one-dimensional hereditary integral as shown in Equation 2-9: σ ξ ε ξξ ξ ξ ξ α ξ ( )
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From page 41... ...
41 Table 2-4. Utah mixes and mix testing.
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