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Pages 92-97

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From page 92...
... 92 This chapter summarizes the findings from the literature review and the results of the experiments. It is organized by the logical progression in which RAP materials are obtained, tested, and used in the mix design, and in which the mix designs are evaluated.
From page 93...
... 93 and fan drying took about 96 hours. Oven drying at 110°C for 6 hours did not further age the RAP binder.
From page 94...
... 94 55 percent RAP content mixes, Method 3 resulted in extremely inflated VMA values for most mixes. Using inflated VMAs would likely result in low asphalt contents for high RAP content mixes and ultimately in significant pavement performance problems.
From page 95...
... 95 binder source due to supply or economic reasons, or to change binder grades to try to improve mix performance properties. The experiment to assess the impact of using WMA and a lower mixing temperature with a high RAP content mix was very limited since WMA was included as a variable with only one mix design containing 55 percent RAP.
From page 96...
... 96 "RAP binder ratio" because the word "replacement" infers that virgin binder is replaced with RAP binder. Replacing virgin asphalt with recycled binder is not what is really done in mix designs with RAP materials.
From page 97...
... 97 Note that the high and low critical temperatures for a project location and pavement layer can be determined using LTPPBind version 3.1 If the RAP binder ratio (RBR) is known, determine the appropriate virgin binder grade using the following formula: ( )

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