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From page 146... ... 146 a p p e N D I x N Introduction This appendix summarizes the field evaluations of the nondestructive testing (NDT) technique known as ultrasonic tomography (UST) Read the entire page →
From page 147... ... 147 Table N.1. Detailed Defect Dimensions, Depth, and Cover and Spacing (in.) Read the entire page →
From page 148... ... 148 H, shotcrete b 6.4 Thin cloth 12 by 12 8 14.0 by 10.7 7.2 12 10.2 I, shotcrete b 5.7 Thin cloth 12 by 12 4 11.0 by 14.0 3.9 12 10.4 J, shotcrete b 6.1 Thin cloth 12 by 12 3 13.1 by 12.0 2.9 12 10.4 K, shotcrete b 5.6 Thin cloth 12 by 12 2 12.3 by 13.4 3.1 12 10.2 L, shotcrete b 5.6 Thin cloth 12 by 12 1 14.0 by 13.3 Very shallow 12 10.3 M, shotcrete b 5.8 None na na na na 12 10.4 A2, concrete c NA None na na na na na na B2, concrete c NA 1 clay lump 6-∅ by 2 ~6 6.1 6.3 na na C2, concrete c NA 6 clay lumps 4-∅ by 2 ~3, 6, 9 3.1–4.1 2.7, 5.4, 8.5 na na D2, concrete c 6.0 at 8.0 on center None na na na na na na E2, concrete c 6.0 at 8.0 on center 1 clay lump 6-∅ by 2 ~6 4.2 4.6 na na F2, concrete c 6.0 at 8.0 on center 6 clay lumps 4-∅ by 2 ~3, 6, 9 2.9–3.9 2.4, 5.4, 7.8 na na Note: na = not applicable; NA = not available. a Two mats of No. Read the entire page →
From page 149... ... 149 Eisenhower Memorial Tunnel, Dillon, CO Vshear = 2751 m/s X-step: 150 mm Y-step: 50 mm Max Depth: 1000 mm Frequency: 50 kHz No significant defect noticed, except for strip of area (~9.4" wide, 16.2" deep) consistently found in other maps. Read the entire page →
From page 150... ... 150 Eisenhower Memorial Tunnel, Dillon, CO Vshear = 2751 m/s X-step: 150 mm Y-step: 50 mm Max Depth: 1000 mm Frequency: 50 kHz No significant defect noticed, except for strip of area (~9.4" wide, 16.2" deep) consistently found in other maps. Read the entire page →
From page 151... ... 151 Frequency: 50 kHz No significant defect noticed, except for strip of area (~12.2" wide, 17.2" deep) consistently found in other maps. Read the entire page →
From page 152... ... 152 Frequency: 50 kHz No significant defect noticed, except for strip of area (~12.2" wide, 17.2" deep) consistently found in other maps. Read the entire page →
From page 153... ... 153 Frequency: 50 kHz No significant defect noticed, except for strip of area (~13.5" wide, 16.1" deep) consistently found in other maps. Read the entire page →
From page 154... ... 154 Frequency: 50 kHz No significant defect noticed, except for strip of area (~13.5" wide, 16.1" deep) consistently found in other maps. Read the entire page →
From page 155... ... 155 Vshear = 2159 m/s X-step: 150 mm Y-step: 50 mm Max Depth: 2500 mm Hanging Lake Tunnel, Glenwood Springs, CO Frequency: 50 kHz Apparent delamination extending 12.3" deep, originating from surface crack; possibly connecting to another crack located approximately 35" to the right of surface crack Backsurface possibly seen at 27.6" in depth. Severe cracking. Read the entire page →
From page 156... ... 156 Vshear = 2159 m/s X-step: 150 mm Y-step: 50 mm Max Depth: 2500 mm Hanging Lake Tunnel, Glenwood Springs, CO Frequency: 50 kHz Apparent delamination extending 12.3" deep, originating from surface crack; possibly connecting to another crack located approximately 35" to the right of surface crack Backsurface possibly seen at 27.6" in depth. Severe cracking. Read the entire page →
From page 157... ... 157 Frequency: 50 kHz Suspected debonding around east (right) side of joint. Read the entire page →
From page 158... ... 158 Frequency: 50 kHz Suspected debonding around east (right) side of joint. Read the entire page →
From page 159... ... 159 Hanging Lake Tunnel, Glenwood Springs, CO Frequency: 50 kHz No significant defect noticeable. Backwall reflection varies 2-3" in depth. Read the entire page →
From page 160... ... 160 Hanging Lake Tunnel, Glenwood Springs, CO Frequency: 50 kHz No significant defect noticeable. Backwall reflection varies 2-3" in depth. Read the entire page →
From page 161... ... 161 Max Depth: 2500 mm Hanging Lake Tunnel, Glenwood Springs, CO Frequency: 50 kHz No significant defect noticeable. Backwall reflection varies 2-3" in depth. Read the entire page →
From page 162... ... 162 Max Depth: 2500 mm Hanging Lake Tunnel, Glenwood Springs, CO Frequency: 50 kHz No significant defect noticeable. Backwall reflection varies 2-3" in depth. Read the entire page →
From page 163... ... 163 Y-step: 50 mm Max Depth: 1000 mm Hanging Lake Tunnel, Glenwood Springs, CO Frequency: 50 kHz Significant delamination/debonding discovered which stretched over 11', ranging from 8"20" below the surface. Backsurface not discernible due to high presence of delamination/debonding. Read the entire page →
From page 164... ... 164 X-step: 150 mm Y-step: 50 mm Max Depth: 1000 mm Hanging Lake Tunnel, Glenwood Springs, CO Frequency: 50 kHz Significant delamination/debonding discovered which stretched over 11', ranging from 8"20" below the surface. Backsurface not discernible due to high presence of delamination/debonding. Read the entire page →
From page 165... ... 165 Vshear = 2159 m/s X-step: 150 mm Y-step: 50 mm Max Depth: 1000 mm Hanging Lake Tunnel, Glenwood Springs, CO Frequency: 50 kHz No significant defect noticed. Backsurface not discernible. Read the entire page →
From page 166... ... 166 Vshear = 2159 m/s X-step: 150 mm Y-step: 50 mm Max Depth: 1000 mm Hanging Lake Tunnel, Glenwood Springs, CO Frequency: 50 kHz No significant defect noticed. Backsurface not discernible. Read the entire page →
From page 167... ... 167 Chesapeake Channel Tunnel, Norfolk, VA Frequency: 50 kHz No significant defect noticed. Backsurface at ~24.7" deep. Read the entire page →
From page 168... ... 168 Chesapeake Channel Tunnel, Norfolk, VA Frequency: 50 kHz No significant defect noticed. Backsurface at ~24.7" deep. Read the entire page →
From page 169... ... 169 Chesapeake Channel Tunnel, Norfolk, VA Frequency: 50 kHz No significant defect noticed. Backsurface at ~24.4" deep. Read the entire page →
From page 170... ... 170 Chesapeake Channel Tunnel, Norfolk, VA Frequency: 50 kHz No significant defect noticed. Backsurface at ~24.4" deep. Read the entire page →
From page 171... ... 171 Max Depth: 1000 mm Chesapeake Channel Tunnel, Norfolk, VA Frequency: 50 kHz Significant shallow defects, such as shallow cracks (~9" deep) and possibly shallow delaminations (~2" deep) Read the entire page →
From page 172... ... 172 Max Depth: 1000 mm Chesapeake Channel Tunnel, Norfolk, VA Frequency: 50 kHz Significant shallow defects, such as shallow cracks (~9" deep) and possibly shallow delaminations (~2" deep) Read the entire page →
From page 173... ... 173 Y-step: 50 mm Max Depth: 1000 mm Chesapeake Channel Tunnel, Norfolk, VA Frequency: 50 kHz Hammer tapping revealed hollow region as shown by shallow reflective region in the C- and B-scans. Significant cupped-shaped delaminations as deep as 19.2" Backsurface at 24.1"-26.0" deep. Read the entire page →
From page 174... ... 174 Y-step: 50 mm Max Depth: 1000 mm Chesapeake Channel Tunnel, Norfolk, VA Frequency: 50 kHz Hammer tapping revealed hollow region as shown by shallow reflective region in the C- and B-scans. Significant cupped-shaped delaminations as deep as 19.2" Backsurface at 24.1"-26.0" deep. Read the entire page →
From page 175... ... 175 X-step: 150 mm Y-step: 50 mm Max Depth: 1000 mm Chesapeake Channel Tunnel, Norfolk, VA Frequency: 50 kHz Significant cracks up to 8.6" deep. Backsurface at 24.3"-26.0" deep. Read the entire page →
From page 176... ... 176 X-step: 150 mm Y-step: 50 mm Max Depth: 1000 mm Chesapeake Channel Tunnel, Norfolk, VA Frequency: 50 kHz Significant cracks up to 8.6" deep. Backsurface at 24.3"-26.0" deep. Read the entire page →
From page 177... ... 177 Vshear = 2710 m/s X-step: 150 mm Y-step: 50 mm Max Depth: 1000 mm Chesapeake Channel Tunnel, Norfolk, VA Frequency: 50 kHz Heavy ringing made internal inspection difficult. Possible deep delamination (~17.7" deep and possibly 19" wide) Read the entire page →
From page 178... ... 178 Vshear = 2710 m/s X-step: 150 mm Y-step: 50 mm Max Depth: 1000 mm Chesapeake Channel Tunnel, Norfolk, VA Frequency: 50 kHz Heavy ringing made internal inspection difficult. Possible deep delamination (~17.7" deep and possibly 19" wide) Read the entire page →
From page 179... ... 179 Frequency: 50 kHz Heavy ringing made internal inspection difficult. Possible deep delamination (~15.7" deep and 20.3" wide) Read the entire page →
From page 180... ... 180 Frequency: 50 kHz Heavy ringing made internal inspection difficult. Possible deep delamination (~15.7" deep and 20.3" wide) Read the entire page →
From page 181... ... 181 Chesapeake Channel Tunnel, Norfolk, VA Frequency: 50 kHz Heavy ringing made internal inspection difficult. Possibly multiple cracks as deep as 8.6". Read the entire page →
From page 182... ... 182 Chesapeake Channel Tunnel, Norfolk, VA Frequency: 50 kHz Heavy ringing made internal inspection difficult. Possibly multiple cracks as deep as 8.6". Read the entire page →
From page 183... ... 183 Max Depth: 1000 mm Chesapeake Channel Tunnel, Norfolk, VA Frequency: 50 kHz Apparent delamination 20.2" deep and 27.4" wide. Backsurface at 26.6"28.4" deep. Read the entire page →
From page 184... ... 184 Max Depth: 1000 mm Chesapeake Channel Tunnel, Norfolk, VA Frequency: 50 kHz Apparent delamination 20.2" deep and 27.4" wide. Backsurface at 26.6"28.4" deep. Read the entire page →
From page 185... ... 185 Y-step: 110 mm Max Depth: 500 mm Washburn Tunnel, Houston, TX Frequency: 50 kHz Significant shallow debonding/delamination. Deep delamination approximately 13" deep (B-scan image) Read the entire page →
From page 186... ... 186 Y-step: 110 mm Max Depth: 500 mm Washburn Tunnel, Houston, TX Frequency: 50 kHz Significant shallow debonding/delamination. Deep delamination approximately 13" deep (B-scan image) Read the entire page →
From page 187... ... 187 X-step: 110 mm Y-step: 110 mm Max Depth: 500 mm Washburn Tunnel, Houston, TX Frequency: 50 kHz Significant shallow and deep debonding/delamination. Delamination as deep as approximately 18" deep (B-scan image) Read the entire page →
From page 188... ... 188 X-step: 110 mm Y-step: 110 mm Max Depth: 500 mm Washburn Tunnel, Houston, TX Frequency: 50 kHz Significant shallow and deep debonding/delamination. Delamination as deep as approximately 18" deep (B-scan image) Read the entire page →
From page 189... ... 189 Vshear = 2710 m/s X-step: 110 mm Y-step: 110 mm Max Depth: 500 mm Washburn Tunnel, Houston, TX Frequency: 50 kHz Significant delaminations/debonding throughout. Delaminations as deep as 10.7" below surface. Read the entire page →
From page 190... ... 190 Vshear = 2710 m/s X-step: 110 mm Y-step: 110 mm Max Depth: 500 mm Washburn Tunnel, Houston, TX Frequency: 50 kHz Significant delaminations/debonding throughout. Delaminations as deep as 10.7" below surface. Read the entire page →
From page 191... ... 191 Frequency: 50 kHz Significant delaminations/debonding throughout. Possible delaminations 11.7" deep. Read the entire page →
From page 192... ... 192 Frequency: 50 kHz Significant delaminations/debonding throughout. Possible delaminations 11.7" deep. Read the entire page →
From page 193... ... 193 Max Depth: 500 mm Interstate 20, Ft. Worth, TX Frequency: 50 kHz Significant delamination on both sides of surface crack, ranging from 4.2"-5.0" from top surface. Read the entire page →
From page 194... ... 194 Max Depth: 500 mm Interstate 20, Ft. Worth, TX Frequency: 50 kHz Significant delamination on both sides of surface crack, ranging from 4.2"-5.0" from top surface. Read the entire page →
From page 195... ... 195 Y-step: 50 mm Max Depth: 500 mm Interstate 20, Ft. Worth, TX Frequency: 50 kHz Significant delamination on both sides of surface crack, ranging from 4.5"-5.3" from top surface. Read the entire page →
From page 196... ... 196 Y-step: 50 mm Max Depth: 500 mm Interstate 20, Ft. Worth, TX Frequency: 50 kHz Significant delamination on both sides of surface crack, ranging from 4.5"-5.3" from top surface. Read the entire page →
From page 197... ... 197 X-step: 150 mm Y-step: 50 mm Max Depth: 500 mm Interstate 20, Ft. Worth, TX Frequency: 50 kHz Significant delamination on both sides of surface crack, ranging from 4.6"-5.1" from top surface. Read the entire page →
From page 198... ... 198 X-step: 150 mm Y-step: 50 mm Max Depth: 500 mm Interstate 20, Ft. Worth, TX Frequency: 50 kHz Significant delamination on both sides of surface crack, ranging from 4.6"-5.1" from top surface. Read the entire page →
From page 199... ... 199 Vshear = 2770 m/s X-step: 150 mm Y-step: 50 mm Max Depth: 500 mm Interstate 20, Ft. Worth, TX Frequency: 50 kHz Significant delamination on both sides of surface crack, approximately 5.0" from top surface. Read the entire page →
From page 200... ... 200 Vshear = 2770 m/s X-step: 150 mm Y-step: 50 mm Max Depth: 500 mm Interstate 20, Ft. Worth, TX Frequency: 50 kHz Significant delamination on both sides of surface crack, approximately 5.0" from top surface. Read the entire page →
From page 201... ... 201 Max Depth: 1000 mm George Bush International Airport, Houston, TX Frequency: 50 kHz Significant debonding at at runway/subbase (7.6"-8.1" deep) and verified by coring. Read the entire page →
From page 202... ... 202 Max Depth: 1000 mm George Bush International Airport, Houston, TX Frequency: 50 kHz Significant debonding at at runway/subbase (7.6"-8.1" deep) and verified by coring. Read the entire page →
From page 203... ... 203 Y-step: 100 mm Max Depth: 1000 mm George Bush International Airport, Houston, TX Frequency: 50 kHz Significant debonding at at runway/subbase (7.1" deep) and verified by coring. Read the entire page →
From page 204... ... 204 Y-step: 100 mm Max Depth: 1000 mm George Bush International Airport, Houston, TX Frequency: 50 kHz Significant debonding at at runway/subbase (7.1" deep) and verified by coring. Read the entire page →

From page 146...

... 146 a p p e N D I x N Introduction This appendix summarizes the field evaluations of the nondestructive testing (NDT) technique known as ultrasonic tomography (UST)