A Model for Identifying and Evaluating the Historic Significance of Post-World War II Housing (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 136-173
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136 A P P E N D I X D Arlington County, Virginia, Model Historic Context
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137 Between 1946 and 1975, Arlington County, Virginia, experienced significant development as a result of increased housing demand by government workers who desired to live in the suburbs around Washington, D.C., rather than in the city. Although other localities in the Washington metropolitan area experienced increased growth during the postwar period, certain factors produced a more dramatic increase in Arlington, such as its proximity to the city, the presence of federal institutions in the county, and the historical booms in population during and following early twentieth-century wartimes.1 Arlington's historical foresight in planning, transportation and other infrastructure also added to its advantages.
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138 A Brief Introduction to Arlington County History and TwentiethCentury Suburbanization 1.
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139 At the end of the nineteenth century, the county remained largely rural with small settlements located along and at the intersection of transportation routes. A few single-family, residential neighborhoods were platted and developed during this period and by 1900 included portions of Addison Heights, Ballston, Bon Air, Butler-Holmes, Cherrydale, Clarendon, Corbett (Barcroft)
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140 1947 the Fairlington apartments were sold to private owners but remained rental units for 30 more years; the Columbia Forest homes were sold to the public with a preference given to veterans.7 B Arlington Plans for Postwar Development 1.
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141 federal government employed half of the area's population and occupied 17 percent of its land.12 The construction of the Pentagon during the war had a lasting effect on Arlington with regard to housing, as well as transportation. Established adjacent to Arlington National Cemetery, the Pentagon was the largest office building in the world when it was constructed and housed 37,000 employees.
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142 A Increase in Transportation Corridors and Modes During the postwar period, government agencies located in the county continued to increase, adding to the demands on Arlington's infrastructure and resources as more vehicular commuters passed through the county daily.
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143 B Interstate 66 The planning of Interstate 66 (I-66)
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144 Federal government programs continued to promote new construction in Arlington County after World War II and greatly shaped the types of houses built, the design of the subdivisions, and how builders and owners financed mortgages for the new homes. After the lifting of wartime building restrictions, construction in Arlington County continued in earnest, with a focus on housing returning veterans.
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145 the project was not FHA-insured. Thus, the influence of the FHA's publications that illustrated specific street layouts, housing plans, and their preference for traditional styles and forms, such as the Colonial Revival, can been seen throughout Arlington County in subdivisions built before and after World War II.
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146 At the end of World War II, Arlington's social and economic profile had not changed significantly, though its population had increased dramatically. Its social makeup remained the same, an almost exclusively white community of middle and upper-middle class white-collar workers and their families.
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147 B Demographic Trends Arlington County's population grew steadily during the early twentieth century and in the years leading up to World War II.
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148 City and Rosslyn since the mid-1960s has converted those areas to "mini-down-towns."45 1. Segregation Within Neighborhoods and Subdivisions As Arlington transitioned into an urban environment, one major difference between it and Washington was the county's racial profile.
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149 A Development Patterns Immediately following World War II, housing construction began slowly because of shortages in building materials, but within a couple of years new developments were underway.
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150 M.T. Broyhill and Sons, worked on five separate area subdivisions in 1955 with plans for over 1,400 houses.
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151 over 4,000 single-family houses in Arlington County as well as several shopping centers and apartment buildings. Established by Merwin A
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152 Glencarlyn is Arlington County's oldest planned residential suburb. Initial construction in Glencarlyn was slow; however, several high-style single-family dwellings were built on the large lots at the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
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153 the late 1930s and early 1940s, but development did not come to fruition because of World War II. Thus, the subdividers continued to sell individual lots or groups of lots to smallscale and, in some cases, large-scale builders.
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154 racial description shall be deemed to include Armenians, Jews, Hebrews, Persians and Syrians." 76 In all, the Grunwells platted 18 sections of Bellevue Forest over the course of 20 years. The majority of the development occurred after World War II.
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155 only one house could be built on a subdivided lot, and no house or residence could be constructed on any lot at a cost of less than $25,000. All plans had to be approved by Country Club View, Incorporated.
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156 advertising and publicity, often resulting in innovative and novel marketing ideas that clearly separated some of them from their competitors."89 Local builders used various tactics to draw potential buyers to subdivisions. Most builders and developers advertised in the Washington Post and the Washington Star newspapers, and many ran repeat ads to ensure visibility.
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157 One way that local builders advertised was at the annual "home show," which was sponsored by the Home Builders Association of Metropolitan Washington. The first Washington area home show was held in October 1947 at the D.C.
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158 forms of local taxation available to a city.98 Although the county never became incorporated, it would revisit the issue in subsequent years. The burden of rapid population growth and expansion on county infrastructure is illustrated best by Arlington's lack of sewage treatment facilities.
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159 were 351 miles of roads in Arlington and only 0.05 percent was not hard-surfaced.105 But 1960s neighborhood conservation plans from African-American communities indicated that unpaved roads were not uncommon, likely making up a large portion of the total unpaved roads in the county. Complete fulfillment of conservation plans could be slow.
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160 A Design Characteristics 1.
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161 These construction methods were synonymous with postwar development and can be seen throughout Arlington County.
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162 B Popular Architectural Forms and Styles 1.
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163 These modifications to the Cape Cod emphasize the popularity of its form and the desire to attract home buyers who preferred traditional houses but also wanted the modern features of the Ranch house. Several examples of this Cape Cod type were built in 1948 by Milton G
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164 one developer or builder. In many instances, the houses continued the traditional two-story, three-bay form, but often lacked the classical ornamentation that is characteristic of the Colonial Revival style.
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165 the houses was only achieved by variance of the Colonial Revival-style door surround, a technique that is common in Arlington County. Typically door surrounds, built of wood, incorporated fluted or plain Tuscan pilasters, ogee molded architraves and cornices, dentil cornices, keystones, or pediments.
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166 Knolls) and Glencarlyn.
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167 ramblers in the Washington metropolitan area, offered many of the traditional aspects of two-story Colonials and in a more traditional appearance compared to Split-levels. These houses had minimal ornamentation, yet had a two-story appearance, often had symmetrical fenestration, and louvered-shuttered windows.
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168 ing individual lots, allowed for variation and several contemporary houses. Examples include 3800 30th Street North and 3710 30th Street North (see Figure 15)
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169 D.C., area, including Arlington County. The area's first sales office opened in August of the same year.159 Between 1948 and 1949, 11 Lustrons were built in Arlington County.
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170 By 1960, 14 manufacturers had shipped prefabricated houses to the Washington, D.C., area. While most of the manufacturers were based in the Midwest, there were also several in the Washington, D.C., region.
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171 "5617 N 214th Street, Arlington, VA." Washington Post, 28 March 1948. "$30,000 Voted for Arlington Curbs, Sewers." Washington Post, 5 August 1945.
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172 EHT Traceries. Virginia Heights Historic District National Register of Historic Places Nomination (VDHR #000-9701)
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Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998)
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