Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports (2012) / Chapter Skim
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From page 16... ...
Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 15 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter presents a summary of key subject areas researched as part of the literature review, with the intention of providing a general context of the information gathered. The full literature review findings are described in Appendix A
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Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 16 AMBIENT PM2.5 A small number of PM MONITORING STUDIES AT AIRPORTS 2.5 air monitoring studies have been carried out at airports across the U.S. (SCAQMD, 2000a, 2000b; Fanning et al., 2007; Westerdahl et al., 2008; Hu et al., 2009; Massport, 2010; ENVIRON, 2008; RI DEM, 2008; Dodson et al., 2009 and BCAA, 2006)
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Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 17 made to the assumption used in EDMS with regard to reported smoke number "zeros" to allow estimates of particulate matter to be made for jet aircraft not calculated by EDMS. Alternative Aircraft Fuels The majority of aviation fuel consumed in the U.S.
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Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 18 Palmdale, California, to measure its performance and emissions (Finneran, 2011)
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Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 19 particulate matter. For gasoline, the first two factors are combined in MOBILE due to a lack of separate data.
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From page 21... ...
Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 20 Table 3 – Adjus tment Fac tors fo r Particu la te Matte r Emis s ions from Alte rn a tive Fuels Vehicle Fuel Blend Factor Relative to All Bioethanol E5 0.80 Gasoline E10 0.60 E15 0.40 E85 0.80 Light Duty Vehicle (LDV) Biodiesel B5 0.95 Diesel B10 0.91 B15 0.86 B100 0.62 Heavy-Duty Vehicle (HDV)
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From page 22... ...
Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 21 calculate the movement of the emissions due to meteorological conditions (e.g., wind speed and direction) and the resultant ambient concentrations at receptors.
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