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From page 37... ... Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 36 CHAPTER 6: RESULTS This chapter presents and discusses the results of the base case and alternative fuel scenarios PM2.5 Table 7 emissions inventories and air quality impact analyses for the five case study airports. Emissions results for the base case are reported in kilograms rather than tons for consistency and comparison with smaller source specific values (although results are also shown in tons in for information purposes) Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 37 conditions. For this analysis, roadway emissions are split into two geographic distinctions -- on-airport and off-airport. Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 38 Figure 7 – On-Airport Ann ual PM2.5 (a) The PHL analysis year was 2004 and included a disproportionate amount of diesel GSE compared to other airports, since 2004 PHL has implemented a number of alternative-fueled GSE replacements, and, therefore, the GSE analysis is not a true reflection of PHL in recent years. Read the entire page →
From page 40... ... Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 39 The percentage change was only calculated for on-airport roadways and parking lots due to lack of data availability to separate off-airport roadways (as discussed in Chapter 5) Read the entire page →
From page 41... ... Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 40 Maximum Concentration In terms of location of the maximum annual average and 24-hour 98th percentile airport impact concentrations, Figure 9 and Figure 10 show that the largest reductions are provided by the following (listed in descending order) : • Replacing a 100% of GSE with available electric, LPG or CNG equivalents, especially diesel-fueled GSE. Read the entire page →
From page 42... ... Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 41 • Replacing 100% of diesel with B100 in GSE (though it should be noted that this could have implications for GSE in terms of warranty) Read the entire page →
From page 43... ... Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 42 concentration and ROI due to the spatial spread of the aircraft emissions. As with the ROI, road vehicle alternative fuel scenarios show a smaller reduction of influence area than those for alternative fuel scenarios for aircraft and APUs and some GSE alternative fuel scenarios. Read the entire page →
From page 44... ... Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 43 Figure 8 – Alte rna tive Fue l Scenario s vers u s Bas e Cas e – Percen tage Ch an ge of To ta l Airpo rt Emis s ions Note: The implied increase in emissions for the "100% CNG GSE replacing gasoline GSE, where model available" scenario is a theoretical modeling output related to the emission factor source data used, and is not likely to be observed in actual practice. Read the entire page →
From page 45... ... Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 44 Figure 9 – Alte rna tive Fue l Scenario s vers u s Bas e Cas e – Percen tage Ch an ge of Maximum Airport Annual Ave rage Impact Note: The implied increase in emissions for the "100% CNG GSE replacing gasoline GSE, where model available" scenario is a theoretical modeling output related to the emission factor source data used, and is not likely to be observed in actual practice. Read the entire page →
From page 46... ... Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 45 Figure 10 – Alte rna tive Fu el Scena rios vers us Bas e Cas e – Percen tage Chan ge of Maximum Airport 24-hour 98th Percen tile Imp act Note: The implied increase in emissions for the "100% CNG GSE replacing gasoline GSE, where model available" scenario is a theoretical modeling output related to the emission factor source data used, and is not likely to be observed in actual practice. Read the entire page →
From page 47... ... Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 46 Figure 11 – Alte rna tive Fu el Scena rios vers us Bas e Cas e – Percen tage Chan ge of Annu al ROI Note: The implied increase in emissions for the "100% CNG GSE replacing gasoline GSE, where model available" scenario is a theoretical modeling output related to the emission factor source data used, and is not likely to be observed in actual practice. Read the entire page →
From page 48... ... Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 47 Figure 12 – Alte rna tive Fu el Scena rios vers us Bas e Cas e – Percen tage Chan ge of 24-hour 98th Pe rcen tile ROI Note: The implied increase in emissions for the "100% CNG GSE replacing gasoline GSE, where model available" scenario is a theoretical modeling output related to the emission factor source data used, and is not likely to be observed in actual practice. Read the entire page →
From page 49... ... Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 48 Figure 13 – Alte rna tive Fu el Scena rios vers us Bas e Cas e – Percen tage Chan ge of Annu al In fluence Area Note: The implied increase in emissions for the "100% CNG GSE replacing gasoline GSE, where model available" scenario is a theoretical modeling output related to the emission factor source data used, and is not likely to be observed in actual practice. Read the entire page →
From page 50... ... Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 49 Figure 14 – Alte rna tive Fu el Scena rios vers us Bas e Cas e – Percen tage Chan ge of 24-hour 98th Pe rcen tile In fluence Area Note: The implied increase in emissions for the "100% CNG GSE replacing gasoline GSE, where model available" scenario is a theoretical modeling output related to the emission factor source data used, and is not likely to be observed in actual practice. Read the entire page →
From page 51... ... Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 50 Turboprop, Turboshaft, and Piston-Engine Aircraft EDMS does not typically include PM2.5 Figure 15 emission results for piston-engine, turboprop, and turboshaft aircraft as there are no FAA accepted emission factors for these aircraft. Therefore, these aircraft were considered separately as part of the sensitivity analysis. Read the entire page →

From page 37...

... Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 36 CHAPTER 6: RESULTS This chapter presents and discusses the results of the base case and alternative fuel scenarios PM2.5 Table 7 emissions inventories and air quality impact analyses for the five case study airports. Emissions results for the base case are reported in kilograms rather than tons for consistency and comparison with smaller source specific values (although results are also shown in tons in for information purposes)