Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports viii ABSTRACT This report documents the findings of the ACRP 02-23 project undertaken to investigate the impact that alternative fuel use could have on emissions and ambient air pollution concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at airports.
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Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report presents the findings of the ACRP 02-23 project undertaken to investigate the impact that alternative fuels could have on reducing emissions and ambient air pollution concentrations of fine particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5 Literature Review ) at airports.
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Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 2 • Las Vegas McCarran International Airport (LAS) • Manchester-Boston Regional Airport (MHT)
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Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 3 • E10 in gasoline-fueled road vehicles • B20 in diesel-fueled road vehicles • B100 in diesel-fueled road vehicles Methodology A methodology to establish the base case PM2.5 emissions and local PM2.5 pollutant concentrations at each case study airport was developed. This methodology is discussed in detail in Chapter 5.
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Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 4 power and pre-conditioned air, both of which reduce APU operating times. Road vehicle emissions are determined by traffic volumes, travel distances, and emissions factors.
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Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 5 In terms of ambient air pollution, the results were calculated for averaging periods that reflect the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for PM2.5 (i.e., the annual average and the 98th percentile of the 24-hour average)
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Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 6 • Replacing a 100% of GSE with available electric equivalents. • 100% of aircraft and APU use drop-in fuels (i.e., 50% blend of FT jet fuels from either coal or gas)
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Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 7 Figure 2 – Alte rna tive Fue l Scenario s vers u s Bas e Cas e – Percen tage Ch an ge of To ta l Airpo rt Emis s ions Note: The implied increase in emissions for the "100% CNG GSE replacing gasoline GSE, where model available" scenario is a theoretical modeling output related to the emission factor source data used, and is not likely to be observed in actual practice.
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Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 8 Figure 3 – Alte rna tive Fue l Scenario s vers u s Bas e Cas e – Percen tage Ch an ge of Annu al In fluence Area Note: The implied increase in emissions for the "100% CNG GSE replacing gasoline GSE, where model available" scenario is a theoretical modeling output related to the emission factor source data used, and is not likely to be observed in actual practice.
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Airport Cooperative Research Program Project ACRP 02-23: Alternative Fuels as a Means to Reduce PM2.5 Emissions at Airports 9 Conclusions In addition to the results discussed previously the key conclusions are summarized below: • As HRJ jet fuels have a similar chemical structure to FT fuels, the findings for FT jet fuels should be considered broadly applicable to HRJ jet fuels as well. • The findings for alternative fuel use in jet aircraft could be considered broadly applicable to turboprop and turboshaft aircraft.
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