Site-Based Video System Design and Development (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 14-20
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14 C h a p t e r 3 Many video-based systems currently exist for monitoring or tracking vehicles; however, most have limitations that the current system development seeks to overcome. Commercial systems typically are aimed at vehicle detection or with a basic level of tracking that the current project seeks to improve.
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15 tunnels are already equipped with a Traficon Automatic Incident Detection (AID) system which equates to 40,000 detectors operating worldwide." Video data are fed into a detection unit, and at installation a number of detection zones are configured.
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16 research-Based Systems A number of research groups have used video processing techniques for tracking applications. In almost all cases, the data collection and analysis system has been developed and used by the same research team that processed the resulting research data.
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17 NGSIM The NGSIM program was instigated by FHWA and industry leaders who developed several commercial traffic simulation tools. The objective of the NGSIM program was to provide real-world data for the verification, calibration, and validation of traffic simulation models.
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18 intersection. A single camera was installed at the first intersection (using a tall building)
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19 • Loss of information caused by projection of the 3-D world on a 2-D image: can be a significant problem depending on the camera angle and camera mounting height; • Noise in images: less significant for vehicle tracking than for other applications; • Complex object motion: not a major problem for vehicle tracking because vehicle motions are limited to a 2-D surface and orientation normally is aligned with the vehicle velocity vector; • Nonrigid or articulated nature of objects: a limited problem, associated with vehicles towing trailers; • Partial and full object occlusions: a significant problem for vehicles at intersections; • Complex object shapes: a moderate problem because some vehicles (e.g., mobile cranes) have complex shapes; • Scene illumination changes: a significant problem for background subtraction, both in the long time scale (night and day)
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20 in the image is tracked. This generally is desirable but can be a problem under occlusion.
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