Women’s Issues in Transportation: Summary of the 4th International Conference, Volume 2: Technical Papers (2011) / Chapter Skim
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179 Changing Travel Patterns of Women in the Netherlands Marie-José Olde Kalter, Lucas Harms, and Peter Jorritsma, KiM, Netherlands Institute for Transport Policy Analysis The Netherlands Institute for Transport Policy Analysis conducted a study to improve its understanding of the relationship between social developments, household composition, and women's travel behavior, with special focus on the travel patterns and daily activities of women. Information was obtained by quantitative data analyses of existing data sources and in-depth interviews with experts.
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180 WOMEN'S ISSuES IN TRANSPORTATION, VOLuME 2 KiM is responsible for the quantitative analysis; describing and explaining women's travel behavior. The Dutch National Travel Survey (MON)
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181CHANgINg TRAVEL PATTERNS OF WOMEN IN THE NETHERLANDS who combine a minimum of 12 h of paid work with 12 h of unpaid work rose from 16% in 1980, to 38% in 2005. Approximately four out of 10 women are multitaskers, while that figure is nearly one-third for men.
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182 WOMEN'S ISSuES IN TRANSPORTATION, VOLuME 2 Women And men trAvel differently Women and men do not exhibit the same travel behavior, and this disparity in travel behavior is apparent not only more or less in kilometers traveled, but also in the choice of alternative modes of transport, in the time spent traveling, and in the reasons that men or women travel. Women Continue Traveling Longer and Farther In 2007, males and females, ages 12 and older undertook the same number of trips: an average of three trips per day, per person; however, females traveled significantly shorter distances and spent significantly less time traveling than men did.
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183CHANgINg TRAVEL PATTERNS OF WOMEN IN THE NETHERLANDS and Niemeier (1997) and Rosenbloom and Burns (1994)
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184 WOMEN'S ISSuES IN TRANSPORTATION, VOLuME 2 Much Shorter "Care-Providing" Trips The past two decades have revealed increasingly marked differences in the travel behavior of childless women and women with children. Women with children undertake more trips: they first bring their children to day care or school and then travel to work; after work they pick up their children, shop, and take their children to after-school activities such as music lessons or sports -- all of which, in some cases, can account for more than six trips per day.
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185CHANgINg TRAVEL PATTERNS OF WOMEN IN THE NETHERLANDS Concerning the changing position of women, this is also true for the Netherlands. Men and women also differ in their use of other modes of transport.
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186 WOMEN'S ISSuES IN TRANSPORTATION, VOLuME 2 Women'S trAvel BehAvior explAined Since the mid-1980s the rate of mobility for females ages 12 and older has increased by 61% (Table 5) , as expressed in the number of kilometers traveled.
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187CHANgINg TRAVEL PATTERNS OF WOMEN IN THE NETHERLANDS Expansion of the Labor Market Increasingly more people, and especially women, have completed higher and specialized education programs, and this corresponds to the increasingly higher and more specialized requirements demanded of employees. This has decreased the likelihood of a person finding a suitable job within a given distance from home, which consequently has increased the average home-to-work travel distances (Vermeulen 2003; van Wee et al.
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188 WOMEN'S ISSuES IN TRANSPORTATION, VOLuME 2 car-dependent society has intensified because more women are now gainfully employed and, consequently, more often must combine jobs and household tasks, and because women lead more active leisure time lifestyles. These changes have placed intense time pressure on the spatial and temporal planning and organization of daily life, leaving people feeling obliged to use a car, which many people regard as the most suitable mode of transport for flexibly combining all the various work and leisure time activities.
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189CHANgINg TRAVEL PATTERNS OF WOMEN IN THE NETHERLANDS In Conference Proceedings 35: Research on Women's Issues in Transportation: Report of a Conference; Volume 2: Technical Papers, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp.
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190 WOMEN'S ISSuES IN TRANSPORTATION, VOLuME 2 vervoerbeleid. Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau (SCPonderzoeksrapport 2000/2)
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