System Trials to Demonstrate Mileage-Based Road Use Charges (2010) / Chapter Skim
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49 4. IMPLEMENTATION OPTIONS TO EXPLORE IN TRIALS The previous chapter provided an overview of potential VMT-fee mechanisms and concepts that have been implemented, evaluated, or discussed to date.
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50 that they could support. The second set of criteria includes a broader range of issues that could also affect the desirability of the potential implementation options, including cost, functional considerations, administrative complexity, and user acceptance.
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51 Table 4.1. System Capabilities Provided by the Metering Options Potential System Capabilities Odometer Options Fuel Consumption- Based Estimates RFID Tolling on a Partial Road Network OBU with OBD II OBU with OBD II and Cellular OBU with GPS Collecting and Apportioning VMT Fees Metering all miles of travel ● ● ● ● ● Metering and apportioning fees by jurisdiction ○ ● ● Distinguishing applicable fees by route ○ ● Structuring Fees to Reflect the Full Cost of Travel Facility congestion tolls ○ ● ○ ○ ● Cordon congestion tolls ○ ● ○ ● ● Zone-distance congestion tolls ● ● Network-wide congestion tolls ● General emissions fees ● ● ○ ● ● ● Zone-based emissions fees ● ● General weight-distance truck tolls ● ● ○ ● ● ● Route-specific weight-distance truck tolls ● Collecting Detailed Travel Data Vehicle travel information by route and time ● Additional Traveler Services or Benefits Per-mile payment of fixed annual fees or taxes ● ● ● ● ● General PAYD insurance ● ● ● ● ● Location-based PAYD insurance ● ● Automated payment of parking fees ● Automated payment of tolls ● ● ● ● Automated payment of weight-distance truck tolls ● ● Location-dependent travel services ● Media services ○ ● ● Location-dependent safety features ● DSRC-enabled safety features ○ ○ ○
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52 Reviewing the entries in Table 4.1, one can see that the GPS-based option provides the greatest flexibility. It is the only option capable of distinguishing applicable fees by route (for example, excluding the assessment of VMT fees for travel on private roads)
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53 User acceptability • Burden on individual drivers • Burden on private sector • Ability to audit charges • Privacy concerns The previous NCHRP 20-24(69) study evaluated the different implementation options with respect to these criteria from the perspective of implementing a national system of VMT fees.
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54 4.2.1. Pricing Capabilities The Commission recommended that VMT fees should be able to serve as a single mechanism to be used for all transportation taxation and pricing.
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55 • Allow for (and eventually require) the metering equipment to be pre-installed with new vehicles and to be retrofitted for existing vehicles • Rely on federal technical standards that would govern the design of any metering equipment provided by states, localities, or private operators or firms 4.3.
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56 equipment. That is, instead of developing separate AVI devices that were only capable of providing vehicle identification and/or fuel economy information, the trials could include more advanced OBUs (i.e., OBUs with GPS or with cellular location)
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57 4.3.2. Payment Mechanisms The Commission's recommendations explicitly call for accommodating multiple forms of payment.
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58 • External DSRC/ANPR checks • Device heartbeat signals • Device distress signals In the event that these could not be demonstrated as effective, in might prove necessary to rely on options that require a greater degree of manual intervention: • Odometer redundancy checks • Metering equipment inspections 4.3.4. Mechanisms for Protecting Privacy The NSTIFIC recommendations also stress the importance of providing strong privacy protection for motorists that desire such functionality.
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59 consider, within the context of the trials, whether the various metering configurations examined in the trials could later be provided as standard equipment in new vehicles. • Voluntary Opt-In.
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