Skip to main content

Currently Skimming:


Pages 15-38

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.


From page 15...
... 15 SESSIoN 3 Theoretical Modeling Approaches to Investigating the Spread of Disease in Airports and on Aircraft James S Bennett, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (Presenter)
From page 16...
... 16 RESEARCH oN THE TRANSMISSIoN of DISEASE IN AIRPoRTS AND oN AIRCRAfT zero (4)
From page 17...
... 17THEoRETICAL MoDELING APPRoACHES CfD simulations took place in collaboration with Boeing, Inc.
From page 18...
... 18 RESEARCH oN THE TRANSMISSIoN of DISEASE IN AIRPoRTS AND oN AIRCRAfT of the many variables presented in figure 4, the GAATE model involves only the three variables indicated by blue boxes. Thus, it provides exposure information.
From page 19...
... 19THEoRETICAL MoDELING APPRoACHES yses is then the ratio of the measured concentration to the reference concentration, CMEAS/CREf, (3) Thus far, the GAATE model has been applied to a data set from the University of Illinois.
From page 20...
... 20 RESEARCH oN THE TRANSMISSIoN of DISEASE IN AIRPoRTS AND oN AIRCRAfT figure 6 are curved. The red bands indicate uncertainty in prediction of the relation between C and ln(1/r)
From page 21...
... 21THEoRETICAL MoDELING APPRoACHES Discussion once a concentration–space relation is established, it can be applied in useful ways. With half the variability being explained by distance from the source, estimation using this simple model is widely applicable in the cabin environment, although the predictive power has quantifiable limitations.
From page 22...
... 22 RESEARCH oN THE TRANSMISSIoN of DISEASE IN AIRPoRTS AND oN AIRCRAfT emergence (www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/updates/ en/index.html)
From page 23...
... 23THEoRETICAL MoDELING APPRoACHES CFD Modeling Results figure 12 shows the airflow pattern and airborne contaminant concentration at 1 m above the cabin floor as the body moved continuously from the front to the rear end of the cabin. The results were for a contaminant released from Passenger 2A seated in the right window seat on the second row.
From page 24...
... 24 RESEARCH oN THE TRANSMISSIoN of DISEASE IN AIRPoRTS AND oN AIRCRAfT was initially within two rows of the infected passenger, which appears to be in good agreement with common sense because the flow in the longitudinal direction should be small. When a person moved along the aisle, the wake could carry the contaminant to seven rows in front of the infected passenger, where the body stopped its movement.
From page 25...
... 25THEoRETICAL MoDELING APPRoACHES trations in a full-scale airliner cabin with passengers. Hence, this study used a 1/10th-scaled, water-based experimental test facility consisting of an upside-down cabin mockup as shown in figure 15a.
From page 26...
... 26 RESEARCH oN THE TRANSMISSIoN of DISEASE IN AIRPoRTS AND oN AIRCRAfT was built for the water model as shown in figure 15b. The model was constructed to simulate as close to the experimental model as possible.
From page 27...
... 27THEoRETICAL MoDELING APPRoACHES longitudinal flow computed behind the moving body is much stronger than that measured, with overprediction of longitudinal momentum transfer. This result may be due to less momentum transfer in lateral directions, resulting in vertically elongated eddy rings in the cabin cross section.
From page 28...
... 28 RESEARCH oN THE TRANSMISSIoN of DISEASE IN AIRPoRTS AND oN AIRCRAfT Beijing in 2003. CfD results should always be validated with high-quality experimental data, as CfD models use many approximations.
From page 29...
... 29THEoRETICAL MoDELING APPRoACHES Description of Experiments The first set of experiments used carbon dioxide (Co2) tracer gas to measure contaminant dispersion.
From page 30...
... 30 RESEARCH oN THE TRANSMISSIoN of DISEASE IN AIRPoRTS AND oN AIRCRAfT were obtained and thus all counts measured could be attributed to the aerosolized L lactis.
From page 31...
... 31THEoRETICAL MoDELING APPRoACHES Row 3 data, similarly to the particle data. Again the dropoff with distance is similar to the tracer gas and particles.
From page 32...
... 32 RESEARCH oN THE TRANSMISSIoN of DISEASE IN AIRPoRTS AND oN AIRCRAfT figures 30, 31, and 32 present the bacteria results for the three different release locations. Counts above 400 are considered off scale for this method and are indicated as 400, as shown in Rows 4 and 5 in figures 30 and 31 and in Rows 3, 4, and 5 in figure 32.
From page 33...
... 33THEoRETICAL MoDELING APPRoACHES 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 –100 –80 –60 –40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Location (inches) N or m al iz ed c on ce nt ra ti on Row 5 Row 6 Row 7 Row 8 Row 9 Seat center Injection A B C D E F G FIGURE 27 Tracer gas lateral dispersion data, right-aisle injection (Row 6)
From page 34...
... 34 RESEARCH oN THE TRANSMISSIoN of DISEASE IN AIRPoRTS AND oN AIRCRAfT release)
From page 35...
... 35THEoRETICAL MoDELING APPRoACHES The results presented are from research funded, in part, by the fAA office of Aerospace Medicine through the National Air Transportation Center of Excellence for Research in the Intermodal Transport Environment under a cooperative agreement. The research was also funded, in part, by the KSU Targeted Excellence Program.
From page 36...
... 36 RESEARCH oN THE TRANSMISSIoN of DISEASE IN AIRPoRTS AND oN AIRCRAfT pathogens are transmitted by the fecal–oral route, but it is important to acknowledge that these pathogens may also be transmitted via fomites and contaminated hands. In addition, the role of the contaminated environment needs to be further explored.
From page 37...
... 37THEoRETICAL MoDELING APPRoACHES which the pathogen has been introduced to the indoor environment. Therefore, the viability questions should be answered by considering the scenario as well as the location where the transport will take place.
From page 38...
... 38 RESEARCH oN THE TRANSMISSIoN of DISEASE IN AIRPoRTS AND oN AIRCRAfT female flight Attendants and Teachers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Vol.

Key Terms



This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.