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From page 1... ... AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM Sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration C O N T E N T S Background, 1 Comparison of Part 139 with ICAO and NFPA Standards, 2 Safety Analysis, 3 Part 121 Accidents, 3 Scheduled Part 135 Accidents, 4 Summary of Safety Analysis, 5 Cost Analysis Approach, 5 Estimated Cost Impacts, 5 Summary, 9 Attachment, 10 Appendix D: Cost Factors, 10 Unpublished Material, 12 Appendixes A, B, C, and E, 12 BACKGROUND Section 311 of H.R. 915 EH, FAA Reauthorization Act of 2009 calls for more closely aligning airport rescue and fire fighting (ARFF) Read the entire page →
From page 2... ... 2operations by unscheduled air carriers using aircraft with 31 or more passenger seats. COMPARISON OF PART 139 WITH ICAO AND NFPA STANDARDS Under the statutory provisions of Title 49, United States Code 44706, the FAA is authorized to certificate airports receiving scheduled air carrier service with aircraft having more than 9 passenger seats and unscheduled air carrier service with aircraft having more than 30 passenger seats. Read the entire page →
From page 3... ... 3NFPA also has minimum staffing requirements based on the class of airport. FAA and ICAO do not use a minimum number of firefighters but require that a "sufficient number" of trained personnel be present, which in turn is determined by the number of fire stations and vehicles required to meet response time standards. Read the entire page →
From page 4... ... 4to determine if different ARFF standards might have had any impact on the outcome in terms of reducing the severity of injuries or in preventing deaths: • Little Rock, Arkansas, June 1, 1999 -- An MD-80 aircraft carrying 139 passengers and a crew of six overran Runway 4R while landing during a rainstorm. In its analysis, the NTSB determined that the accident was potentially survivable for two of the passengers that died; but that, even with a shorter ARFF response time, the lives of these two passengers would not have been saved if emergency responders had arrived on the scene earlier. Read the entire page →
From page 5... ... 5inhalation and/or thermal injuries. However, even with the change to Part 139 in 2004, this operation would not have been affected since the aircraft had only nine passenger seats and, therefore, the aircraft was not required to operate only at certificated airports. Read the entire page →
From page 6... ... 6Figure 6 Number and percentage of airports and interviews. Figure 7 Average and total firefighters and vehicles. Read the entire page →
From page 7... ... The NFPA 2-min runway response requirement could more than double the number of firefighters and ARFF vehicles at the 476 Part 139 airports considered in this study. Figure 9 summarizes the cost impacts of the ICAO and NFPA standards, reporting the increase in total and average costs per airport for each class. Read the entire page →
From page 8... ... 8above, the ICAO minimum vehicles requirement only affects Class IB airports, which would face a 1.5 percent increase in costs per enplaned passenger. The requirement to demonstrate a 3-min response to the farthest runway end would increase the cost per enplaned passenger for all airport groups. Read the entire page →
From page 9... ... 9airports, where the costs of the 3-min standard are less than the costs for the minimum staffing and vehicles, are due to a change in the number of airports responding. The cost increases for smaller airports can be significant. Read the entire page →
From page 10... ... 10 • The NFPA 2-min runway response requirement is estimated to increase airport investment costs for constructing and equipping fire stations and acquiring ARFF vehicles by $2.9 billion. • The NFPA 3-min response to anywhere on the airport maneuvering area has estimated investment costs of $1.2 billion and annual recurring costs of $747.8 million. Read the entire page →
From page 11... ... 11 Figure D-2 Annual employee turnover costs. Annual Employee Turnover Costs $ Millions Type ofStation IIIA/IIA IA IB IC ID IE Total Full* Read the entire page →
From page 12... ... 12 depending on the scenario. The NFPA 2-min scenario has the highest level of cost overall. Read the entire page →
From page 13... ... 13 Annual Fuel and Maintenance Costs for Additional Vehicles $ Millions Type ofStation IIIA/IIA IA IB IC ID IE Total Full* $0.3 $0.2 $3.2 $3.1 $2.6 $4.8 $14.2ICAO 3-Min Runway Response Time Demonstration Sat † $0.3 $0.2 $3.2 $3.1 $1.1 $1.9 $9.8 ICAO Minimum Staff/Vehicles Requirement‡ $0.0 $0.0 $1.7 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $1.7 Annual Fuel and Maintenance Costs for Additional Vehicles $ Millions Type ofStation IIIA/IIA IA IB IC ID IE Total Full $0.6 $1.5 $7.5 $14.0 $11.6 $18.0 $53.1NFPA2-Min Runway Response Time Demonstration Sat $0.6 $1.5 $7.5 $14.0 $4.6 $7.2 $35.4 Full $0.0 $1.0 $3.5 $4.9 $3.3 $12.0 $24.7NFPA3-Min Movement Area Demonstration Sat $0.0 $1.0 $3.5 $4.9 $1.3 $4.8 $15.5 NFPA Minimum Staff/Vehicles Requirement $0.0 $0.8 $2.0 $0.5 $0.0 $0.0 $3.4 * Read the entire page →
From page 14... ... 14 Figure D-5 Annual investment cost for additional fire stations ($ millions) Read the entire page →
From page 15... ... 15 Annual Utility and Maintenance Costs for Additional Fire Stations $ Millions Type of Station IIIA/IIA IA IB IC ID IE Total Full* $2.5 $1.2 $4.5 $7.8 $5.9 $14.4 $36.3ICAO 3-Min Runway Response Time Demonstration Sat† $2.5 $1.2 $4.5 $7.8 $2.3 $4.2 $22.5 ICAO Minimum Staff/Vehicles Requirement‡ $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 Annual Utility and Maintenance Costs for Additional Fire Stations $ Millions Type of Station IIIA/IIA IA IB IC ID IE Total Full $4.2 $7.1 $17.3 $35.1 $26.0 $54.0 $143.7NFPA 2-Min Runway Response Time Demonstration Sat $4.2 $7.1 $17.3 $35.1 $10.1 $15.8 $89.6 Full $0.0 $2.4 $6.0 $11.7 $7.4 $36.0 $63.5NFPA 3-Min Movement Area Demonstration Sat $0.0 $2.4 $6.0 $11.7 $2.9 $10.5 $33.4 NFPA Minimum Staff/Vehicles Requirement $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 * Read the entire page →
From page 16... ... 16 Figure D-7 Annual operating and investment cost ($ millions) Read the entire page →
From page 20... ... Transportation Research Board 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 These digests are issued in order to increase awareness of research results emanating from projects in the Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) Read the entire page →

From page 1...

... AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM Sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration C O N T E N T S Background, 1 Comparison of Part 139 with ICAO and NFPA Standards, 2 Safety Analysis, 3 Part 121 Accidents, 3 Scheduled Part 135 Accidents, 4 Summary of Safety Analysis, 5 Cost Analysis Approach, 5 Estimated Cost Impacts, 5 Summary, 9 Attachment, 10 Appendix D: Cost Factors, 10 Unpublished Material, 12 Appendixes A, B, C, and E, 12 BACKGROUND Section 311 of H.R. 915 EH, FAA Reauthorization Act of 2009 calls for more closely aligning airport rescue and fire fighting (ARFF)