Public Transportation's Role in Addressing Global Climate Change (2009) / Chapter Skim
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Research Results Digest 89 March 2009 C O N T E N T S International Transit Studies Program, 1 About This Digest, 2 Public Transportation's Role in Addressing Global Climate Change, 2 Dublin, Ireland, 3 Munich, Germany, 6 Freiburg, Germany, 9 Milan, Italy, 10 Bilbao, Spain, 13 Reducing Greenhouse Gases, 17 Comparisons with U.S. Cities, 18 Observations, 18 Conclusions, 19 Appendix A -- Study Mission Team Members, 21 Appendix B -- Study Mission Host Agencies, 21 Appendix C -- List of Abbreviations, 22 INTERNATIONAL TRANSIT STUDIES PROGRAM The International Transit Studies Program (ITSP)
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The members of each study team are fully briefed prior to departure. The intensive, professionally challenging, two-week mission has three objectives: to afford team members the opportunity to expand their network of domestic and international public transportation peers, to provide a forum for discussion of global initiatives and lessons learned in public transportation, and to facilitate idea-sharing and the possible import of strategies for application to America's transportation communities.
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ing. These policy areas are controlled by federal, state, and local governments; transit agencies have little or no influence in these areas.
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also received traffic management grant funds to implement quality bus corridors (QBCs) , which provide shorter journey and more consistent service through the use of dedicated lanes and traffic signal priority.
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competitive, RPA does not disclose the projected project cost to bidders. DART (Dublin Area Rapid Transport)
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Dublin's public transportation system faces many challenges to accommodate the city's high rate of growth and improve some of the current barriers that prevent all of the various agencies from operating seamlessly. However there is a high level of awareness and momentum about what needs to be done.
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performance of the system. The net result of these efforts has been to reduce an operating deficit to an operating surplus of €60 million, which is paid back to the owner.
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the citizens are opposed to further nuclear expansion, viewing it as a limited resource with high risk. Solar generation accounts for only 1% of the power generated in Bavaria, and they do not see significant growth until some of the questions related to cost and technology are answered.
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railway. While the ICE runs the Paris-to-Frankfurt branch, SNCF's TGV runs from Paris to Munich (via Stuttgart)
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70 million passengers a year -- 85% on the trams and 15% on the buses. The buses run every 15 min, and the trams run every 7.5 min (every 4 min during peak hours)
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Milan is renowned as one of the world capitals of design and fashion. The city hosted the World Expo in 1906 and will host the World Expo in 2015.
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On other environmental fronts they are working nationally to apply diesel particulate filters (DPFs) to buses.
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• Improve pedestrian areas and requalify areas that are eligible for pedestrian improvements; • Install dynamic message boards for parking lots to indicate to drivers where parking is available and thus reduce emissions from circling cars; and • Continue operation of the EcoPass pollution charge. Early in 2008 Milan implemented a pollution charging scheme, known as "Ecopass," that is aimed at restricting access to the central business district by charging vehicles according to how much they pollute.
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single industry in the region. The contributing factors for the private households are use of automobiles, domestic combustion, use of electricity (by coal-fired plants)
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support 70 different schedule variations that are used for days, evenings, weekends, holidays, special events, as well as seasonal changes. The robust ridership of this service is driven by frequency of service.
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publicly owned, limited company, whose ownership is split between the Central and Basque governments. The company is governed by a high-level board with executive powers.
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museum and steam train, and a freight movement division. On the environmental front, EuskoTren established an Environmental Department in 1999 and started to work on sustainable practices, including energy, maintenance practices, and compliance with 14,001 standards.
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93% of the residential energy consumed is from homes older than 25 years. The German government has recognized this and offers subsidies for home renovations, as well as roof, wall, and window upgrades.
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and local governments in the European cities visited have been able to shift both policies and modal share in a relatively short amount of time based on the belief that better policy outcomes are possible. Build Political Support for Investments To build the public transportation services necessary to significantly increase transit mode share, the European cities studied as part of this mission had to first build political support for their systems.
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controls) , as well as the addition of many more cameras so as to blanket the area.
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The sprawl phenomenon varied from the United States in an important way: none of the center cities seemed to be experiencing the "donut effect" common in U.S. cities as the suburbs begin to out-populate the inner cities.
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Milan Legambiente Comune di Milano Agenzia Milanese Mobilita (Mobility and Environment Agency) Azienda Transporti Milanesi S.p.A.
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Transportation Research Board 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 These digests are issued in order to increase awareness of research results emanating from projects in the Cooperative Research Programs (CRP)
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