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From page 14... ... 14 Research Approach The objective of the research described in this report was to recommend potential improvements to specifications and test protocols to determine the acceptability of cements with processing additions. The purpose was to assure highway engineers that the performance of concrete prepared with cements containing inorganic processing additions is not deleteriously affected by the presence of such materials. Read the entire page →
From page 15... ... 15 constraints. The budget was based on a full suite of tests being conducted on 98 cements and 27 concretes. Read the entire page →
From page 16... ... 16 Materials The materials included in the test matrix are discussed first. The combinations of the selected materials tested are discussed in the section on Materials Combinations. Read the entire page →
From page 17... ... facturing. A fine gypsum was obtained from a commercial supplier. Read the entire page →
From page 18... ... 18 Processing Additions Dosage Selection of the dosages of processing addition in the test matrix was based on the current chemical limits of AASHTO M 85. The philosophy adopted was to add as much processing addition to each clinker as possible, while remaining within the specified limits for LOI and insoluble residue. Read the entire page →
From page 19... ... Statistical Design of Processing Additions Combinations The design of the experimental matrix was prepared on a statistical basis to obtain a maximum of information while remaining within budgetary constraints. The budget had been prepared on the basis of preparing and testing 99 "cements." A full matrix would have required preparation and testing of 160 "cements." During the process of research it was decided to increase the total matrix to 109 combinations. Read the entire page →
From page 20... ... 20 All 18 mixtures were tested using a "structural" mix design. Nine of the mixtures, those made with "Mid" and "High" clinkers were tested using a "paving" mix design. Read the entire page →
From page 21... ... The required amount of sulfate material to optimize each of the combinations of cements was determined in accordance with ASTM C 563. The sulfate contents of these cements are shown in Table 9. Read the entire page →
From page 22... ... 22 Figure 4. Concrete test matrix. Read the entire page →
From page 23... ... Table 9. Details of cements prepared before addition of supplementary cementing materials. Read the entire page →
From page 24... ... 24 Table 9. (Continued) Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... Particle Size ( m) 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 11-12 13-14 15-16 17-19 20-21 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.1 6.7 6.5 6.2 3.2 22.6 22.3 22.3 22.5 22.3 23.0 21.1 22.3 21.6 0.6 7.1 38.1 37.4 37.6 38.3 37.4 39.1 36.1 37.9 36.8 4.9 10.0 45.0 44.0 44.3 45.3 44.1 46.4 42.6 44.8 43.5 1.1 31.7 75.3 73.6 74.3 75.7 74.1 78.3 72.0 75.6 73.9 0.9 44.8 86.1 84.7 85.2 86.0 85.1 88.5 83.5 86.4 85.0 2.7 89.3 99.3 99.1 99.1 99.1 99.1 99.8 98.6 99.4 99.1 8.1 200.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.5 399.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.8 632.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Sample ID Percentage Passing Particle Size ( m) Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... 26 Figure 5. Particle size distributions of selected cements without supplementary cementing materials. Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... • Setting time (AASHTO T 197) Read the entire page →
From page 30... ... Table 11. Results of paste and mortar tests. Read the entire page →
From page 31... ... Table 11. (Continued) Read the entire page →
From page 32... ... Sample >20 micron Full Difference >20 micron Full Difference >20 micron Full Difference >20 micron Full Difference Analyte SiO2 20.75 19.40 -1.35 21.96 21.11 -0.85 22.02 20.99 -1.04 21.77 21.63 -0.14 Al2O3 5.77 5.43 -0.34 5.07 4.75 -0.32 5.09 5.22 0.13 5.07 5.07 0.00 Fe2O3 2.22 2.13 -0.09 3.74 3.39 -0.35 3.86 3.63 -0.23 3.67 3.30 -0.37 CaO 64.52 61.55 -2.97 63.52 61.46 -2.06 62.80 60.68 -2.12 63.13 60.87 -2.26 MgO 2.15 2.15 -0.01 1.00 1.09 0.09 0.99 1.11 0.11 1.14 1.78 0.64 SO3 2.16 4.44 2.28 1.86 4.11 2.25 2.27 3.98 1.71 2.30 3.27 0.96 Na2O 0.29 0.38 0.09 0.14 0.18 0.04 0.16 0.23 0.06 0.17 0.20 0.03 K2O 0.76 1.39 0.63 0.73 0.87 0.13 0.71 0.90 0.18 0.72 0.85 0.13 TiO2 0.33 0.29 -0.04 0.20 0.18 -0.02 0.20 0.21 0.00 0.21 0.23 0.02 P2O5 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.18 0.16 -0.01 0.18 0.17 0.00 0.17 0.16 -0.02 Mn2O3 0.17 0.18 0.02 0.20 0.22 0.02 0.20 0.22 0.02 0.20 0.26 0.05 SrO 0.06 0.08 0.02 0.19 0.20 0.00 0.19 0.20 0.01 0.18 0.19 0.00 Cr2O3 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 ZnO 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00 L.O.I. Read the entire page →
From page 33... ... Combination Mix Clinker type Processing Addition type Processing Addition Dosage, % Slump, inch AEA, mL Air, % Air/ AEA Hardened Air Content, % Spacing Factor, per in Unit weight, pcy Set time, mins Rate of slump loss, in/min Rate of Flow loss, %/min Shrinkage at 28 days, % Shrinkage at 56 days, % Compress. Strength at 1 day, psi Compress. Read the entire page →
From page 34... ... 34 Table 14. Analysis of verification test materials. Read the entire page →
From page 35... ... Combination number Clinker Processing Addition type Processing Addition Dosage, % Autoclave expansion, % Water requirement Vicat Time of Set, Initial, min C 1038, % Shrinkage Air, mL General limit 0.8 Limit for C3A3 clinker 0.14 22.8% 126-246 -0.148 0.36 Limit for C3A14 clinker 0.30 23.8% 67-187 -0.168 0.18 C1 C3A3 None 0.04 21.8% 186 X -0.123 0.30 C2 C3A3 Cement Kiln Dust2 4.9 0.04 22.5% 203 X -0.108 0.24 C3 C3A14 None 0.20 22.8% 127 0.051 -0.143 0.15 C4 C3A14 Cement Kiln Dust2 1.3 0.20 22.6% 160 0.093 -0.144 0.15 C5 C3A3 Slag2 7.5 0.04 22.8% 371 X -0.106 0.24 C6 C3A14 Slag2 7.5 0.13 24.5% 98 X -0.119 0.18 C7 C3A3 CAsh2 1.7 0.03 22.6% 348 X -0.105 0.22 C8 C3A14 CAsh2 0.4 0.21 24.3% 98 0.048 -0.153 0.18 C9 C3A3 CAsh3 1.7 0.05 22.2% 196 X -0.101 0.15 C10 C3A14 CAsh3 0.5 0.23 22.6% 122 0.074 -0.152 0.15 Made with high C3A clinker Fail limits stated in the protocol Combination number Clinker Processing Addition type Processing Addition Dosage, % ASR Expansion, % Cube Compressive Strength at age, psi 1 day 3 days 7 days 28 days Average General limit Limit for C3A3 clinker 2262 Limit for C3A14 clinker 4113 C1 C3A3 None 0.0 7/17/07 893 2021 2558 4054 2381 C2 C3A3 Cement Kiln Dust2 4.9 7/17/07 1178 2973 3313 4789 3063 C3 C3A14 None 0.0 7/17/07 1766 3338 5450 6765 4330 C4 C3A14 Cement Kiln Dust2 1.3 7/17/07 1676 2758 4043 6318 3699 C5 C3A3 Slag2 7.5 7/17/07 992 2893 3873 4808 3141 C6 C3A14 Slag2 7.5 7/19/07 2833 4497 5658 6308 4824 C7 C3A3 CAsh2 1.7 7/19/07 1365 3191 3630 4819 3251 C8 C3A14 CAsh2 0.4 7/19/07 1928 3438 5193 6713 4318 C9 C3A3 CAsh3 1.7 7/19/07 1376 2993 3955 5353 3419 C10 C3A14 CAsh3 0.5 7/19/07 1836 3518 5025 7183 4391 Made with high C3A clinker Fail limits stated in the protocol Table 16. Verification test data. Read the entire page →
From page 36... ... 36 Combination number Clinker Processing Addition type Processing Addition Dosage, % Cylinder Compressive Strength at age, psi 1 day 3 days 7 days 28 days Average General limit Limit for C3A3 clinker 2788 Limit for C3A14 clinker 3978 C1 C3A3 None 1450 2680 3290 4970 3098 C2 C3A3 Cement Kiln Dust2 4.9 1780 3300 4180 5400 3665 C3 C3A14 None 3020 4120 4650 5890 4420 C4 C3A14 Cement Kiln Dust2 1.3 2580 3360 4740 6850 4383 C5 C3A3 Slag2 7.5 1500 2960 4510 5260 3558 C6 C3A14 Slag2 7.5 3690 4460 5030 5980 4790 C7 C3A3 CAsh2 1.7 1860 3240 3950 5070 3530 C8 C3A14 CAsh2 0.4 2680 4350 5310 6450 4698 C9 C3A3 CAsh3 1.7 1620 3110 4180 4570 3370 C10 C3A14 CAsh3 0.5 2310 3820 4840 6070 4260 Made with high C3A clinker Fail limits stated in the protocol Combination number Clinker Processing Addition type Processing Addition Dosage, % Flexural Strength at age, psi Scaling, kg/m2 7 28 Average General limit 0.8 Limit for C3A3 clinker 563 Limit for C3A14 clinker 774 C1 C3A3 None 560 690 625 0.20 C2 C3A3 Cement Kiln Dust2 4.9 620 840 730 0.19 C3 C3A14 None 780 940 860 0.00 C4 C3A14 Cement Kiln Dust2 1.3 600 820 710 0.14 C5 C3A3 Slag2 7.5 680 780 730 0.44 C6 C3A14 Slag2 7.5 850 930 890 0.00 C7 C3A3 CAsh2 1.7 550 820 685 0.07 C8 C3A14 CAsh2 0.4 740 900 820 0.20 C9 C3A3 CAsh3 1.7 680 790 735 0.05 C10 C3A14 CAsh3 0.5 630 730 680 0.07 Made with high C3A clinker Fail limits stated in the protocol Table 16. (Continued) Read the entire page →

From page 14...

... 14 Research Approach The objective of the research described in this report was to recommend potential improvements to specifications and test protocols to determine the acceptability of cements with processing additions. The purpose was to assure highway engineers that the performance of concrete prepared with cements containing inorganic processing additions is not deleteriously affected by the presence of such materials.