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Appendix I
Pages 228-234

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From page 228...
... FEDERAL SOURCES The primary sources of federal funding for professional-development activities are the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Department of Education, but a few other federal agencies have some education activities at the K-12 level.
From page 229...
... The state component awards funds to state education agencies, which then apportion funds to local education agencies through a formula-grants program that considers both overall school-age population and state shares of Chapter 1 basic grants. (The Chapter 1 program provides aid to local education agencies for the education of disadvantaged children)
From page 230...
... of the $290 million spent on the program in 1987-1994 was awarded to expand relationships between higher education and precollege institutions with an emphasis on professional development of teachers. HHMI estimates that in 1988-1994, about 11,500 elementaryand secondary-school teachers participated in outreach activities sponsored by the 213 institutions that received Undergraduate Biological Science Education Program awards.
From page 231...
... The Science Education Advisory Board of the University of California, Irvine, for example, comprises representatives of 16 corporations, 16 faculty members, and six community members. The adjunct honorary board comprises 13 members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
From page 232...
... Improving science education takes time, but the short duration of most federal and private grants, usually 3 years, inhibits institutionalization of change. Unlike conventional research grants, education grants require collaboration between people with different backgrounds, goals, and interests.
From page 233...
... · Encourage programs that focus on systemic change. When designing future program announcements, funding agencies should require program planners to identify how specific projects will support, supplement, or initiate systemic-reform efforts at the local level.
From page 234...
... Involve both scientists and educators in the peer-review process. Peerreview panels should include scientists who are well informed about scienceeducation reform efforts, education researchers, and outstanding teachers.


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