Guidebook for Measuring, Assessing, and Improving Performance of Demand-Response Transportation (2008) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 49-76
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From page 49... ...
49 Using the typology of DRT systems described in Chapter 5, this chapter presents performance data for representative DRT systems for the five performance measures selected for the Guidebook, facilitating performance comparisons among similar types of DRT systems. The chapter includes the following: • The selection of representative DRT systems.
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50 Guidebook for Measuring, Assessing, and Improving Performance of Demand-Response Transportation DRT Systems City and State ACCESS (Orange County Transportation Authority) Orange, California ACCESS, King County Metro Seattle, Washington ACCESS Lynx Paratransit Service Orlando, Florida ACCESS Transportation Systems (Port Authority of Allegheny County)
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Figure 6-1. Representative DRT systems participating in research project.
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52 Guidebook for Measuring, Assessing, and Improving Performance of Demand-Response Transportation In collecting the data from the DRT systems, it was discovered that there were cases where the reported data did not fit NTD definitions. In such cases, additional information was requested so that adjustments could be made to ensure the data were more consistent with NTD.
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Assessing Performance -- Data from Representative Systems 53 2. Operating Cost per Revenue Hour Among the representative small urban DRT systems, there is a wide range on the performance measure operating cost per revenue hour (see Figure 6-3)
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the three representative systems in this latter category are similar -- all city-based programs operated by national or regional private contractors. Within all three categories of small urban DRT, the majority of the systems (11 out of 14)
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Assessing Performance -- Data from Representative Systems 55 Large Urban DRT Systems The research project included ten large urban DRT systems as representative -- those operating in areas with populations of more than 200,000 and up to one million. Five of these operate ADA paratransit only.
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3. Operating Cost per Passenger Trip The large systems show a range of performance on the measure operating cost per passenger trip, from a low of $15 to a high of almost $36 (see Figure 6-8)
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Assessing Performance -- Data from Representative Systems 57 4. On-Time Performance Of the ten representative DRT systems in this group, only one does not measure OTP data.
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Six of the eight systems providing OTP data use MDTs and AVL. With this technology, reported OTP data tends to be more reliable.
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Assessing Performance -- Data from Representative Systems 59 Operating Cost per Passenger Trip The largest urban systems range from $16 to $40 per passenger trip, with greater variability seen in the ADA only category than the other category (see Figure 6-12)
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Key to this performance measure is productivity. A DRT system may have a relatively high cost on a revenue hour basis, but can show a relatively low cost per passenger trip depending upon its productivity.
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Representative DRT Systems by Category Passenger Trips/Revenue Hr. Effectiveness Operating Cost/Revenue Hr.
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62 Guidebook for Measuring, Assessing, and Improving Performance of Demand-Response Transportation Passenger Trips per Revenue Hour This measure of productivity showed a range of performance among the participating DRT systems, with the smaller systems generally achieving higher productivities than the larger systems. Factors Influencing Performance The key controllable and partially controllable factors that seem to affect DRT systems' ability to achieve a higher performance relative to the other representative systems include: • A specific focus on increasing productivity, by increasing shared-riding, by developing new services that feature group trips (e.g., shopper shuttles)
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• Costs for vehicle operator labor, with several of the higher cost DRT systems indicating that their wage rates for operators were comparable to those for fixed-route operators. • Use of community-based non-profit agencies as supplemental providers, which operate with lower and, in some cases, significantly lower operating costs than the DRT system.
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64 Guidebook for Measuring, Assessing, and Improving Performance of Demand-Response Transportation • Ability of systems' scheduling and dispatch staff to create effective and realistic schedules. • Operator availability.
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Assessing Performance -- Data from Representative Systems 65 0.00 0.04 0.100.11 0.12 0.16 0.19 0.34 0.00 0.04 1.58 0.11 0.10 0.13 0.16 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 Small Urban Large Urban Largest Urban DRT System Figure 6-14. Safety incidents per 100,000 vehicle miles: small, large, and largest urban DRT.
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66 Guidebook for Measuring, Assessing, and Improving Performance of Demand-Response Transportation But significantly, in terms of monitoring safety, what is important is the trend shown within a system rather than comparisons between systems. Attachment to Chapter 6 Performance Data of Representative DRT Systems: Additional Detail This section provides additional detail about the performance of the representative DRT systems included in the research project, providing a context for the performance data.
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Assessing Performance -- Data from Representative Systems 67 Table 6A-1 (Figure 6-2) Small Urban DRT: Passenger Trips per Revenue Hour (Productivity)
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68 Guidebook for Measuring, Assessing, and Improving Performance of Demand-Response Transportation General Public DRT Highest -- 4.70 passenger trips per revenue hour • The average trip length is 5.3 mi. • Compact and developed service area.
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Assessing Performance -- Data from Representative Systems 69 Table 6A-2(Figure 6-3) Small Urban DRT: Operating Cost per Revenue Hour Characteristics of Systems Affecting Performance ADA Paratransit Only DRT Lowest -- $20.09 operating cost per revenue hour • Service provided by contract on a cost per trip basis, with FY05 rate of $11.20 per trip; contractor retains the $1.80 fare, for a total per trip payment of $13.00.
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70 Guidebook for Measuring, Assessing, and Improving Performance of Demand-Response Transportation Table 6A-3(Figure 6-4) Small Urban DRT: Operating Cost per Passenger Trip Characteristics of Systems Affecting Performance ADA Paratransit Only DRT Lowest -- $11.36 operating cost per passenger trip • This is the same system with the lowest operating cost per revenue hour among ADA paratransit only DRT systems, at $20.09 operating cost per revenue hour.
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Assessing Performance -- Data from Representative Systems 71 Table 6A-4(Figure 6-6) Large Urban DRT: Passenger Trips per Revenue Hour (Productivity)
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72 Guidebook for Measuring, Assessing, and Improving Performance of Demand-Response Transportation Table 6A-5(Figure 6-7) Large Urban DRT: Operating Cost per Revenue Hour Characteristics of Systems Affecting Performance ADA Paratransit Only DRT Lowest -- $34.40 operating cost per revenue hour • The DRT system is provided on a contract basis, by a private contractor that bid a very competitive rate for the service.
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Assessing Performance -- Data from Representative Systems 73 Table 6A-6(Figure 6-8) Large Urban DRT: Operating Cost per Passenger Trip Characteristics of Systems Affecting Performance ADA Paratransit Only DRT Lowest -- $17.84 operating cost per passenger trip • This is the same system with an operating cost per revenue hour of $34.40, the lowest operating cost per revenue hour of the systems in the category.
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74 Guidebook for Measuring, Assessing, and Improving Performance of Demand-Response Transportation Table 6A-7(Figure 6-10) Largest Urban DRT: Passenger Trips per Revenue Hour (Productivity)
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Assessing Performance -- Data from Representative Systems 75 Table 6A-8(Figure 6-11) Largest Urban DRT: Operating Cost per Revenue Hour Characteristics of Systems Affecting Performance ADA Paratransit Only DRT Lowest -- $38.84 operating cost per revenue hour • One of the DRT system's two service contractors is a taxi company; service is provided on a dedicated basis predominately using sedans.
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From page 76... ...
76 Guidebook for Measuring, Assessing, and Improving Performance of Demand-Response Transportation Table 6A-9 (Figure 6-12) Largest Urban DRT: Operating Cost per Passenger Trip Characteristics of Systems Affecting Performance ADA Paratransit Only DRT Lowest -- $21.11 operating cost per passenger trip • This DRT system has the lowest operating cost per revenue hour in its category, and with a productivity of 1.84 (the mid range for productivity in the category)
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