Emerging Technologies for Construction Delivery (2007) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 41-49
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From page 41... ...
41 DESCRIPTION OF TECHNOLOGY Traditionally, architects and engineers have expressed their design intentions to contractors and other project stakeholders through 2D paper-media contract drawings developed as part of the contract documents. The contract specifications provide an additional medium to communicate product and process details that are too extensive for paper drawing notes.
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From page 42... ...
• 3D CAD application: Software that encapsulates the "object-oriented" CAD model should contain the entire scope of project design data. • Scheduling application: There currently exists an eclectic set of available scheduling applications that vary by feature, price, and licensing.
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43 to transportation facilities that are commonly constructed under traffic use, the project phasing can be designed while a series of scenarios are visually analyzed, because traffic count can be an included dataset of the 4D model. If sufficient detail is included in the model, the driver's perspective can be simulated or experienced through VR.
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From page 44... ...
communicate the phasing or staging sequences of projects that are long in duration and complex in relation to 2D visualization. Schedule Optimization From the case studies collected in a literature search of building construction, a common reported benefit is the identification of omitted schedule activities.
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45 The most expensive variable discovered in the literature review was the cost of the time investment required for model creation and participant collaboration: Benefits need to be weighed against the time investment to build models .
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off-the-shelf software is incapable of linking the datasets of various software applications that constitute the 4D model. Not all 3D models have sufficient attribute information to facilitate automatic linking, so the user has to identify which activity in the project scheduling software program is the activity that drives the component in the model (Smith 2001)
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47 Benefit Awareness The benefits of 4D CAD are being revealed to those in the construction industry who have not yet experienced it. Periodicals are showcasing the benefits from successful cases on large and high-profile building projects.
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Strategies to Overcome Barriers • Document and advertise 4D CAD benefits: Document time and cost issues, as well as publicly share the experiences within the transportation industry. Develop a knowledge base of multiple case studies similar to what Gao and colleagues (2005)
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From page 49... ...
49 Commercial Issues • The difficulties in determining equitable methods to distribute modeling costs to project participants and beneficiaries (Wood and Alvarez 2005)
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