The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

Pages 23-51

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 23... ... Through information obtained from the state surveys, extensive literature searches, general subject knowledge, interviews, and topic panel suggestions, a number of available technologies were identified to assist with safety-related data acquisition, processing, and storage and maintenance. Table 5 cites all technologies included in this synthesis. Read the entire page →
From page 24... ... 25 use Access 2000, Oracle 9i, or SQL Server 2000 for form data storage. Iowa's TraCS implementation includes some components that are used statewide: • Crash reporting, • Citation issuance, • Incident reporting, • Motor carrier inspection reporting, and • Operating while intoxicated reporting. Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... 26 • Reduction in the amount of time that incident information is electronically available to the state to as little as one day, • Elimination of duplicate data entry by law enforcement agency staff, • Significant reduction of errors on accident reports, and • Reduction in time spent completing accident reports. The data have been used to make informed decisions, and to identify and address emerging safety trends such as aggressive driving. Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... 27 reentry of the data. This allows officers to increase patrol time and spend less time in the station. Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... 28 collision factor, number of injured, and other. Multiple types of prepared reports are available for printing. Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... 29 FIGURE 12 Handheld GPS receiver (Source: Garmin.com) Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... 30 between five and nine characters defines the maximum capacity of working memory when full attention is deployed. Given this finding, it is unrealistic to expect officers to collect lengthy data elements in the field without error. Read the entire page →
From page 30... ... 31 anticipated to last the normal 10-year renewal cycle (33) Read the entire page →
From page 31... ... the information required for enforcing traffic laws, planning accident prevention, and preparing for court proceedings regarding accident cases. Physical outcomes of the crash are recorded in the form of measurements, sketches, post-crash diagrams, and photographs of the accident scene. Read the entire page →
From page 32... ... 33 In 1974, NHTSA equipped 1,000 vehicles with disc recorders (41) Read the entire page →
From page 33... ... 34 performance monitoring. Most road inventories use distance along route (route-milepost) Read the entire page →
From page 34... ... 35 This software also computes the center, radii, and the degrees of curvature. A similar post-process is performed to determine the vertical alignment components, such as points of vertical curvature and tangency. Read the entire page →
From page 35... ... roadway inventory file. Historically, the video-log process used VHS technology; however, more recently, state DOTs have turned to more advanced digital video systems. Read the entire page →
From page 36... ... 37 motorist delay may result. Research has shown access management techniques to be highly effective in increasing highway safety and improving traffic operations -- reducing crash rates on case study routes from 18% to 77% (47) Read the entire page →
From page 37... ... Trns* port Several states have begun programs to convert paper-based plan and profile sheet archives to digital media. Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... 39 FIGURE 24 Caltrans photo-log graphical user interface. Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... required for a valid proposal; and submit item bids in a secure machine-readable form. Design plan and profile sections are typically created within a preconstruction group at the DOT and submitted to a contracting group for administration of the bidding and award process. Read the entire page →
From page 40... ... 41 infrared; microwave and Doppler radar; and ultrasonic, passive acoustic, and video image detection. The Minnesota DOT and a consulting firm, with sponsorship from FHWA, recently completed a two-year test of nonintrusive technologies. Read the entire page →
From page 41... ... metropolitan areas. Nine ITS infrastructure components have been included in the assessments and, recently, the tracking has included rural deployments and deployments in medium-size cities. Read the entire page →
From page 42... ... 43 • The highest levels of deployment are observed for emergency management (CAD) and electronic toll collection, which are approaching complete deployment. Read the entire page →
From page 43... ... • Estimation of life-cycle costs, • Inventory of ITS equipment and identification of costsharing opportunities, • Sensitivity and risk analysis, • ITS deployment and operations and maintenance scheduling, and • Documentation for transition into design and implementation. The latest version of the software, IDAS 2.3, was released in November 2003 and can be found online at http://idas. Read the entire page →
From page 44... ... 45 are no exception. These records must be maintained for purposes of litigation and public safety analysis. Read the entire page →
From page 45... ... • The query interface for the indexing database should meet the requirements of Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 127-2, "Database Language SQL." The purpose of this publication is to promote portability and interoperability of database application programs. • The agency should establish operational practices and provide technical and administrative documentation to ensure the future usability of the system, continued access to long-term records, and a sound foundation for ensuring the system's legal integrity. Read the entire page →
From page 46... ... 47 transportation planning activities, pavement and bridge maintenance programs, and traffic operations studies. However, few states are using GIS extensively for crash data analysis. Read the entire page →
From page 47... ... ROAD INVENTORY PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES Computer-Aided Dispatch Safety analysis tools such as IHSDM require a significant amount of detailed data regarding the geometric alignment of roadways. One of the best sources for this type of data is the CAD design drawing. Read the entire page →
From page 48... ... 49 CRASH DATA MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES AASHTOWare -- Transportation Safety Information Management System A comprehensive TSIMS is under development as part of the AASHTOWare Joint Software Development Program. The purpose of the system is to provide users with a universal interface for all of the transportation safety data within a state; providing data at both the state and local levels (67) Read the entire page →
From page 49... ... GIS. Several GIS platforms are available for development including ArcGIS, Geomedia, and Maptitude. Read the entire page →
From page 50... ... 51 • Increased efficiency among departments -- employees have access to accurate, timely information relating to the entire transportation system. • Significant reduction of costs associated with staff dedicated solely to creating maps. Read the entire page →
From page 51... ... of their ability to help maintain information on multiple components of infrastructure and operations (74) : • Pontis -- a comprehensive bridge management system. Read the entire page →

From page 23...

... Through information obtained from the state surveys, extensive literature searches, general subject knowledge, interviews, and topic panel suggestions, a number of available technologies were identified to assist with safety-related data acquisition, processing, and storage and maintenance. Table 5 cites all technologies included in this synthesis.