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From page 1...
... S U M M A R Y The use of air entrainment has been an accepted practice in concrete technology for more than 60 years. Air is intentionally entrained in the concrete mixture to reduce the potential for damage from freezing and thawing.
From page 2...
... 2Findings of this study indicated that the type of air-entraining admixtures has a statistically significant effect on spacing factor. In addition, mixing duration, cement alkali level, and coarse aggregate shape were found to have a significant effect on the spacing factor.

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