A Guidebook for Including Access Management in Transportation Planning (2005) / Chapter Skim
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CHAPTER 4 GUIDANCE FOR ADDRESSING ACCESS MANAGEMENT GUIDANCE AREAS This chapter provides specific guidance in the areas listed below. Overall Planning Process The steps in the overall planning process are as follows: 1.
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2. Establish a master street plan or thoroughfare plan that incorporates access management principles.
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30 Examples Many state DOTs have established a staff position for this role, and some MPOs have part-time staff positions: • Montana DOT has the position of Access Management Engineer within the Right-of-Way Bureau. • South Dakota DOT has the position of Corridor Preservation Specialist within the Planning and Programming Division.
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31 Issues to Address • Stakeholders and participants in the process are a primary audience. • Policymakers often have unwarranted concerns regarding potential developer opposition to access management.
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32 Background Some states have detailed access management codes. In these cases, the responsibilities of staff are clear, and coordination is achieved through adherence to the provisions of the code.
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33 Examples • Minnesota provides conferences and workshops for district staff. • Florida's administrative rules for growth management require access management to be incorporated into local comprehensive plans.
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34 • Since 1981, Colorado DOT has dedicated units at headquarters and regional offices for daily access decisionmaking using guidance established by regulations and training. Access management training is offered to local agencies periodically.
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Policy and System Planning -- Long-Range Plans 1. Consider Access Management Strategies as a Mechanism for Achieving Broader Policy Goals 35 Issues to Address • Insufficient data to evaluate the impacts of successes and failures.
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36 are typically grouped into their own toolbox, but they may contribute to overall goals in a variety of areas such as the following: • Preserving the efficiency and functionality of the existing transportation system. • Supporting roadway functional hierarchy in the regional transportation network.
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37 Background While access management may be able to support many of the policy goals traditionally included in transportation plans, access management measures are frequently overlooked in pursuit of those goals. The best way to ensure that access management is incorporated into practice is to place it at the top of a transportation plan as one of the plan's goals.
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38 System plan, sets forth access management design and classification criteria for highways of statewide importance. FIHS roadways must be classified for high levels of access management (Access Classification of 1, 2, or 3)
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39 Examples • Florida has taken a number of steps to promote access management and, in so doing, has increased the likelihood that it will be used to complement traditional transportation planning tools. • Kansas DOT has corridor management procedures that require a traffic impact study be performed for large commercial or industrial applications.
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40 Major Steps • Assess the applicability and effectiveness of access classification systems used elsewhere. • Evaluate current system-level access plans, policies, and classification systems against best practices.
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41 Examples • Colorado has established four categories based on a highway's level of importance and degree of urbanization: freeway interstate system, expressway, regional highway, and frontage road. The regional highway category is divided into rural and non-rural.
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42 Major Steps • Establish the goals of the program. Evaluation programs can be focused on establishing the degree to which an access classification system is being implemented.
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43 Major Steps • Establish policy direction to address access management in programming. • Consider alternatives such as whether to allocate to an access management program and/or include access management criteria in programming.
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44 • Delaware established a corridor preservation plan in 1996 (Delaware Code, Title 17, Section 145) and the Governor's Cabinet Committee on State Planning Issues adopted the Strategies for State Policies and Spending.
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45 Where This Fits Stand-alone or as part of subarea or corridor plans. Lead Agency State, MPO, or local.
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46 • Evaluate options based on potential social, economic, and environmental impacts as well as specific impacts on the following: – Roadway safety. – Roadway efficiency and operation.
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47 Background Traditional roadway improvement plans typically rely on a limited repertoire of improvement options. The process usually begins with the projection of future, long-term land use development scenarios and the traffic loads that can be expected to be generated by them.
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48 Consultation with local jurisdictions may require a formal partnering agreement. Outreach may need to include public involvement.
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49 Background Geometric design criteria addressing elements such as medians, median openings, auxiliary lanes, driveway design, intersection channelization, frontage roads, and grade separations are used to help manage access. These criteria may be especially important in situations where there is no comprehensive access code.
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50 Resources • Access Management Manual, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies (2003) • AASHTO Green Book: A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, AASHTO (2001)
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51 Where This Fits State, MPO, and local planning in application of traffic signal warrant criteria. Lead Agency State and local.
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52 deviation there is and what the impact of the additional signal would be on the roadway facility. Alternatives to signal installation may need to be explored if the addition of a traffic signal is shown to have a significant adverse impact on traffic flow.
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53 Background Most MPOs have limited authority to implement access management strategies. Instead, many MPOs use the tools and opportunities available to them through the standard MPO process to facilitate the implementation of access management strategies.
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54 • In 2002, the Ohio Kentucky Indiana Council of Governments (OKI) -- which is the MPO in Cincinnati, Ohio -- spearheaded an effort to modify Ohio state statutes to grant authority to counties and townships to develop and implement access management plans and policies.
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55 • Unified Planning Work Program development. • Public involvement/education activities.
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56 the long-range transportation plan and conducts subarea studies focused, in part, on the integration of land use and transportation through improved access management. • The primary motivation for integrating access management into existing transportation planning practices and processes for Metroplan in Little Rock, Arkansas, was to encourage the application of consistent access management strategies on the regional transportation network.
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57 Issues to Address • Lack of planning funding. • Lack of staff experience in access management.
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58 Background Local transportation planning generally aims to reduce crashes and traffic congestion on major roadways, to identify needs for new roadways, and to encourage use of alternative modes by promoting a more livable, pedestrian-friendly built environment with greater emphasis on transit. Land use planning generally aims to reduce urban sprawl, promote compact development, and protect the environment.
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59 Lead Agency Local transportation planning or public works departments. Background Access management begins with the roadway functional hierarchy in the master street plan.
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60 Examples The City of Fort Collins, Colorado, adopted its master street plan (MSP)
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61 3. Support Access Management through Land Use Planning; Organize Land Uses into Activity Centers to Support Local Street Network Development and Alternative Access Where This Fits Local comprehensive plans and subarea or corridor plans.
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62 Major Steps • Designate commercial and mixed-use activity centers on maps in future land use plans and in subarea (including interchange area) or corridor plans, along with supporting policies and action strategies.
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63 Background Many communities have developed access management plans and programs aimed at reducing the number of driveways on major arterial routes. These plans often involve the provision of access roads, shared driveways, and interparcel connections that reduce the need for individual sites to have direct, driveway access to an arterial; yet, accomplishing alternative access can be challenging if the local street network is sparse and the land along the major roadway has already been extensively subdivided.
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64 Resources • "Accomplishing Alternative Access on Major Transportation Corridors," Proceedings of the 9th National Conference on Transportation Planning for Small and Medium-Sized Communities, Colorado Springs, Colorado (September 2004) ; CD-ROM produced by TRB Committee ADA30.
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65 Issues to Address • Inadequate funding for implementing access management plans, particularly in regard to service roads and local road improvements or connections. Opportunities to partner with the state transportation agency and private developers or property owners can increase the ability of smaller communities to create service roads on state highways.
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66 and a hierarchy of streets. The neighborhood plans provide for a variety of street design types and cross sections, and the plans incorporate connectivity goals.
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67 Major Steps • Evaluate the traffic safety implications of commercial zoning practices, land division and subdivision practices, and the adopted future land use plan. Determine whether they adequately discourage strip development or support alternative access.
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68 • At the state level, FDOT has integrated access management into a variety of statewide transportation planning activities. On a policy level, the 2025 Florida Transportation Plan is specifically identified as a strategy for preservation and management of the state transportation system.
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69 Issues to Address • Unexpectedly changing or expanding traffic study requirements during the review process leads to developer frustration. Establish a pre-application process to discuss the proposed development and establish the information required for a complete application, including the contents and requirements for traffic impact analysis.
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70 Where This Fits Comprehensive planning, subarea and corridor planning, thoroughfare or master street planning, modal planning, ordinance development, development review, and permitting. Lead Agency Local planning department.
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71 Examples • Local governments in Broward County, Florida, formed the SR 7/US 441 Collaborative to work together on a plan for managing this deteriorating commercial corridor. The 26-mile state highway is shared by 14 jurisdictions.
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