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... UNDERSTANDING TRAVEL ISSUES 98709mvpTxt 1_40 9/20/05 4:57 PM Page 1
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... 98709mvpTxt 1_40 9/20/05 4:57 PM Page 2
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... 3This study used the 2001 U.S. National House-hold Travel Survey (NHTS)
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... 4Influence of Residential Location on Travel Behavior of Women in Chennai, India Sumeeta Srinivasan, Harvard University The visible impact of urban transportation is in access to employment. However, transportation also affects access to other services such as shopping and social service facilities.
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... inition of accessibility (7)
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... one working day of the week for each household and included both work and nonwork activities conducted by the households. A separate location survey was also carried out that recorded the distance and time to travel to the nearest available services (schools, hospitals, etc.)
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... sample showed limited use of trains (they are much more expensive modes than buses in Chennai and are limited in their availability)
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... cost are among the most basic measures of travel behavior because they indicate the utility of the activities to the trip makers. The relationship between travel to work and accessibility is of immediate concern to transportation planners in Chennai since they are in the process of designating employment zones and planning future transportation routes.
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... ducted over five times the number of shopping tours as did men. Further, peripheral zones (especially the northern zone)
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... Trip Frequency Trip frequency was categorized as follows: less than average (fewer than three) , average (three to four)
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... their longer travel times. The adjusted r2 for this model was, however, very low (0.1)
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... in travel behavior are probably linked to the fact that households in the central zone are at a different lifecycle stage. However, the relatively job-rich southern zones (with larger families with children)
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... ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author thanks Josephine Edward and Angel Anthony for their assistance in conducting the survey. This research was funded by the American Institute for Indian Studies, the Harvard University Asia Center, and the Milton Fund of Harvard University Medical School.
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... 1 4 Comparing Women's and Men's Morning Commute Trip Chaining in Atlanta, Georgia, by Using Instrumented Vehicle Activity Data Hainan Li, Randall Guensler, and Jennifer Ogle, Georgia Institute of Technology Differences between women's and men's morning commute trip-chaining patterns are examined by using a subset of instrumented vehicle activity observations for 10 days of morning commute journeys made by 182 drivers from 138 households in Atlanta, Georgia. Morning commute trips that involve trip chaining are longer both in distance and in duration for both men and women compared with morning commutes without trip chaining.
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... On the basis of the 1990 NTPS data, Strathman and Dueker (5) found that the trip purpose "other family/personal business" is the most heavily represented in chains that are made both to work and from work.
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... used for the analyses presented here. To meet the research goal of this study, only the 182 drivers whose gender information was known and who work full time at a fixed location and do not share their vehicle with another household member were included in the data subset.
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... engine-off stop (at a daycare center) and one engine-on stop (at a video store)
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... Stop Frequency In the data subset, the research team detected slightly more stopping than was found in previous research. A total of 537 (30.5%)
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... Stop Duration Few previous studies examined trip-chaining stop durations. In this study, the median durations for engine-off stops are 315 s for women and 375 s for men.
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... October 1996, FHWA, U.S. Department of Transportation, 1997, pp.
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... 2 1 Activities, Time, and Travel Changes in Women's Travel Time Expenditures, 1990–2000 Rachel Gossen and Charles L Purvis, Metropolitan Transportation Commission, Oakland, California This study examines the constancy and change in total travel time expenditures of women and men in the San Francisco Bay Area across the 10-year period from 1990 to 2000.
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... tently lower. For employed individuals, however, Robinson and Godbey found that total travel time in 1985 for working women was actually longer than that for working men.
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... Toole-Holt et al.
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... Figure 2 shows travel time shares by trip purpose for men and women in 1990 and 2000. Some interesting trends are evident.
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... Age The first sociodemographic variable reviewed relative to travel time expenditures is age of the trip maker. Table 2 provides results for working and nonworking women and men in eight age categories.
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... for Hispanic-Latino women and men. In 2000 working Hispanic-Latino men spent roughly 8 min more per day on travel than did working Hispanic-Latino women.
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... to change. This study examined the 1990 and 2000 BATS to determine which changes have occurred in the 10-year period from 1990 to 2000.
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... should be undertaken and more data sets should be analyzed to determine whether the changes are unique to the Bay Area or are an artifact of comparing trip-based with activity-based surveys. It is hoped that this style of reporting travel time expenditures will be replicated for other national, statewide, and metropolitan travel surveys to gain a better understanding of how women and men spend their time.
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... 18. Kollo, H
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... 3 0 Do High-Occupancy Toll Lanes Serve Women's Travel Needs? Theresa M
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... 3 1 Gender Differences in Bicycling Behavior and Facility Preferences Kevin J Krizek, Pamela Jo Johnson, and Nebiyou Tilahun, University of Minnesota This study focuses on bicycling and specifically the differences by gender in terms of use and facility preferences.
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... Women have shorter commutes than men (2–4)
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... ple of Twin Cities metropolitan area residents.3 The other data set is the 5% Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) from the 2000 U.S.
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... completed a cycling trip during the survey (among those in the TBI, n = 142)
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... STATED-PREFERENCE ANALYSIS OF CYCLING FACILITIES Omnibus Data In the second part of the analysis, differences were examined by using results from stated-preference surveys, which were obtained from two sources. The first is the Minnesota Department of Transportation Statewide Omnibus Study 2003–2004, which provides data on preferences for cycling facility infrastructure and on perceptions of cycling.
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... and facilities rated as "very important" to commuting by bicycle. Women and men cyclists were relatively similar in the proportion who value specific types of bicycle facilities such as on-road bicycle lanes, separate bicycle paths, and a connected system of bicycle routes as well as those who value amenities such as secure storage facilities at work or school.
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... 3 7GENDER DIFFERENCES IN BICYCLING BEHAVIOR 1 5 10 15 20 25 Alternate Facility; Solid = Female, Dashed = Male Additional Minutes (T)
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... commute, men are willing to divert 5.43 fewer minutes (95% CI = 2.13, 8.17) than women for any facility compared in the survey.
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... to Robin McWaters, who assisted with diligent editing. Financial support was provided in part by the National Cooperative Highway Research Program and by the Minnesota Department of Transportation.
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... 3. McLafferty, S., and V
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... 4 1 Automobile ownership plays an important role in determination of travel behavior. In contrast, gender difference is shown to be a significant factor in automobile choice behavior.
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... portation, the percentage of female drivers grew from 44% in 1972 to 49.7% in 2000 compared with the percentage of male drivers, which fell from 56% in 1972 to 50.3% in 2000 (FHWA 2004)
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... The final sample used in the modeling effort of this study includes 597 automobiles for which all the required explanatory variables were available. Variables in the model were selected on the basis of prior experience with this type of model (Mohammadian and Miller 2003a, 2003b)
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... drawing pseudorandom realizations from the underlying error process. A detailed discussion of this method may be found elsewhere (Louviere et al.
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... expected that the purchase price would present negative effects on the utility of the alternatives. This assumption is supported by negative significant coefficients for subcompact and compact vehicles in both models.
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... more fashionable. The coefficient of vehicle purchase price has a larger magnitude in the women's model, suggesting that female decision makers are more sensitive to price than their male counterparts are.
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... ing, and demographic assumptions are among the factors that can be explored. This study will lead to a better understanding of what mechanisms and programs should be designed to facilitate meeting long-term goals of equitable and sustainable transportation systems more effectively.
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... Revelt, D., and K Train.
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... 4 9 Differences in Trip Chaining by Men and Women Nancy McGuckin, Travel Behavior Analyst, Washington, D.C. Yukiko Nakamoto, SAS Programmer, Columbia, Maryland Men's and women's commuting behavior continues to be distinctly different.
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... ilarities in survey design and the definition of variables allow comparison between the two years, although the short time frame between the surveys gives an indication of a direction rather than a trend. However, the findings suggest that there has been an increase in trip chaining during the weekday commute from 1995 to 2001.
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... DIFFERENCES IN WORK LOCATION AND OCCUPATION During the last several decades, women have increased their driving and have their own vehicles, better education, and professional careers, and as a result women's travel has grown immensely and the nature of their travel has radically changed. These changes have had a permanent effect on travel behavior analysis and transportation planning and policy.
From page 52...
... TRENDS IN MEN'S AND WOMEN'S TRIP CHAINING Almost 2 million more workers stopped during their commutes in 2001 compared with 1995 -- overall, 9% more workers trip-chained during their commute. This statistic compares with an 8% growth in civilian employment in the same time period, according to the U.S.
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... Dropping off and picking up a passenger are common stops in both directions. Of all the multioccupant vehicle trips to and from work, three-fourths were "fam-pools" (all occupants were from the same household)
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... analysis of trip-chaining behavior, and thus the authors invite other travel researchers to use it. The chained files for the 1995 NPTS and the 2001 NHTS are publicly available for researchers and analysts on the NHTS website (nhts.ornl.gov/2001/index.shtml)
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... The evidence continues that travel is a gender-related activity. The household and child-care responsibilities of women make it likely that women will chain some of those tasks into the commute.
From page 56...
... Cao, X., and P Mokhtarian.

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