Comprehensive Human Factors Guidelines for Road Systems (Web-Only Document) (2005) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 19-27
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From page 19... ...
4.0 Proposed Outline of the HFG The outline that follows proposes a structure and content for the HFG. It also offers a tentative title: Human Factors Guidelines for Road Systems: Design and Operational Considerations for the Road User.
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It is believed that the proposed technical chapters encompass the major highway design and traffic engineering issues that have important human factors considerations. They provide a reasonable scope for an initial version of the HFG.
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HUMAN FACTORS GUIDELINES FOR ROAD SYSTEMS: DESIGN AND OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE ROAD USER PART I: INTRODUCTION TO THE HFG This part of the HFG explains the need for the HFG and the purposes for which it is intended. It then describes how to use the document, including the relationship to other design guides and linkages to background literature reviews.
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From page 22... ...
PART II: BRINGING ROAD USER CAPABILITIES INTO HIGHWAY DESIGN AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING PRACTICE This part of the HFG is based around the road user. It concerns the role of the road user as part of the highway system and presents an overview of the important characteristics and capabilities of drivers and pedestrians.
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From page 23... ...
3.3 Limitations of Highway Design and Traffic Engineering Guidance for User-Related Issues in Roadway Systems • Empirical basis of guidance (lacking, dated, limited range of users) • Minimum criteria may not be adequate for a given situation • Real world conflicts and complexities • Examples of cases where it is difficult to adhere to minimum specifications (due to geometric requirements, terrain and environmental features, etc.)
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From page 24... ...
¾ Practitioner: generally good capabilities and not dealing with transient problems • Summary: Keys to thinking like a road user (steps or table) CHAPTER 4: BASIC ROAD USER CAPABILITIES 4.1 Human Visual Capabilities • Including legibility, day & night vision, glare, visual search patterns, range of abilities and anomalies, accommodation 4.2 Attention and Distraction • Including attention sharing among multiple sources, multi-task nature of driving task, external and in-vehicle sources of distraction 4.3 Information Handling • Including information processing time, visual scanning, information load, shedding of information 4.4 Expectancy • Including short term events and long term experience as determinants of expectancy, how expectancies are built, how they influence performance 4.5 Perception-Reaction Time • Including components of the perception-response process, factors that influence speed of perception and reaction, quantitative PRT functions 4.6 Speed Perception and Speed Choice • Including perception of own speed, errors in perception of others' speeds and closing rates, determinants of speed choice 4.7 Hazard Perception and Risk Taking • Including road user abilities to detect various sorts of hazards, speed and reliability of hazard detection, anticipation of risks, judgment of risk, individual risk taking and risk management 4.8 Driver Age and Experience • Including older and novice road users, range of abilities, effects of age and inexperience on performance, countermeasures 4.9 Driver Impairments • Including prevalence and effects of fatigue, medication, alcohol, drugs 24
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From page 25... ...
PART III: HUMAN FACTORS GUIDANCE FOR ROADWAY LOCATION ELEMENTS Parts III and IV of the HFG present the actual guidelines. Users may be most likely to enter the HFG at the level of Part III, searching for a solution to specific safety or operational concerns they are encountering.
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From page 26... ...
10.3 Guidelines [see Chapter 6 of this report for description] CHAPTER 11: SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS 11.1 Background [see Chapter 5 of this report for description]
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From page 27... ...
PART IV: HUMAN FACTORS GUIDANCE FOR TRAFFIC ENGINEERING ELEMENTS This section provides guidance for major cross-cutting issues for traffic engineering elements that are not specific to particular highway locations. The traffic engineering elements include signs, variable message signs, markings, and lighting.
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