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From page 19...
... 8 CHAPTER TWO MEASURING PUBLIC BENEFITS Although precise definitions of the term maintenance and its component types vary among researchers and practitioners, a substantial literature presents the basic logic, functional models, and empirical evidence underlying the premise that PM and preservation are both efficient management strategies. Over the past three decades, computational tools have been developed, and to some extent standardized, to assist highway system managers in estimating explicitly the cost-effectiveness of maintenance-based management strategies that entail PM activities.
From page 20...
... 9 TABLE 2 CLASSIFICATION OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ACTIONS Types of Pavements Common Pavement Problem Preventive Maintenance Treatments Flexible Potholes Drainage Edge cracking Cracking sealing Lane-to-shoulder drop-off Slurry seal Aging Microsurfacing Thermal cracking Chip seals Thin hot-mix asphalt overlays Rigid Blow-ups Drainage Pumping Joint and crack sealing Joint faulting Retrofit load transfer Composite Potholes Drainage Edge cracking Cracking sealing Lane-to-shoulder drop-off Slurry seal Aging Microsurfacing Reflective cracking Chip seals Thermal cracking Thin hot-mix asphalt overlays Reseal sawed and sealed joints Source: Geoffroy 1996. of degree, referring to PM as "carefully timed, costeffective treatments to roads experiencing only light to moderate distress" (Focus, June 2000, p.
From page 21...
... 10 FIGURE 2 The "standard model" of pavement performance. FIGURE 3 Example of the relationship between road-user costs and pavement condition (Source: Pavement Management Systems 1987)
From page 22...
... 11 Specific relationships between surface condition and road-user well-being, however, may not be straightforward. For example, a particular index may not apply equally well to all types of pavements (Wu 2000)
From page 23...
... 12 FIGURE 5 Relationship of maintenance activities to stages of the service-level trajectory, example 1 (Source: Hicks et al.
From page 24...
... 13 FIGURE 7 Effect of repair or rehabilitation, example 1 (Source: Geoffroy 1996)
From page 25...
... 14 FIGURE 10 Oregon DOT public information presentation panel. TABLE 3 S UMMARY OF PUBLIC BENEFITS ATTRIBUTED TO PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE OF HIGHWAYS Class of Benefit Recipient -- Nature of Impact Problems and Limitations in Assessment or Realization Highway O&M cost reduction Agency -- obviates or delays need for repairs, so that total expected agency expenditures over analysis period are reduced Savings calculation depends on forecast of need for repair.
From page 26...
... 15 pavement is among the characteristics of controlled-access routes that road users appreciate. Others have found that pavement roughness has an observable influence on vehicle speeds (Karan et al.
From page 27...
... 16 TABLE 4 SURVEY RESULTS OF HIGHWAY AGENCY USE OF ESTIMATED PUBLIC BENEFITS IN MAINTENANCE DECISION MAKING Uses of Public Benefits Percentage of Agencies Use pavement or bridge management software that embodies public benefits 94 Have used bidding or contracting methods that reflect road-user cost or other public benefits (e.g., "lane rental," "A+B" bidding) 63 Use benefit–cost or LCC methods in maintenance management Use such methods, but only for major maintenance projects 37 21 Compare all maintenance with new construction in agency-wide programming and budgeting Make such comparison, but only for major maintenance projects 21 17 Report maintenance program accomplishments in terms of outcome measures (e.g., pavement condition)

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