Interindividual Variability New Ways to Study and Implications for Decision Making: Workshop in Brief (2016) / Chapter Skim
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Interindividual Variability: New Ways to Study and Implications for Decision Making
Interindividual Variability: New Ways to Study and Implications for Decision Making
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These tools include in vitro toxicology methods using highly diverse human September 30– cell lines, in vivo methods using highly diverse animal populations, and October 1, 2015 epidemiologic analytical approaches. The workshop focused on interindividual variability due to intrinsic differences in responses to chemical exposures rather than on variability due to differences in exposure.
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1 Member of the Standing Committee on Emerging Science for One way to conceptually illustrate a population's Environmental Health Decisions. 2 NRC (National Research Council)
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The ACGIH's The most severe effects of ozone exposure -- goal is to protect "nearly all" workers, Gordon said. hospital visits and mortality -- occur in a small ACGIH protocols provide little guidance for using 7 Member of the Standing Committee on Emerging Science for uncertainty factors to account for interindividual Environmental Health Decisions.
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2015. Population-based in vitro hazard and in collaboration with Ivan Rusyn8 of Texas A&M concentration -- response assessment of chemicals: The 1000 8 Member of the Standing Committee on Emerging Science for Genomes High-Throughput Screening Study.
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Both indicated that the efforts to throughput pharmacokinetics data generated using connect cell doses to human doses are not advanced the IVIVE model with data from hundreds of in vitro enough to inform dose decision making. However, assays from EPA's ToxCast and the larger interagency Vandenberg acknowledged a role for in vitro data Tox21 programs.
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2014. A Gnotobiotic Mouse Model Threadgill described the relatively low frequency of Demonstrates that Dietary Fiber Protects Against Colorectal 10 Member of the Standing Committee on Emerging Science for Tumorigenesis in a Microbiota- and Butyrate-Dependent Manner.
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than conventional studies, by tripling the number The second DO mouse model study focused on of animals, the DO mice or the CC project mice can epigallocatechin gallate, a chemical in green tea provide needed insights into population variability. that causes liver injury.15 The research team led Without models like those used with the DO/CC by Allison Harrill of the University of Arkansas for mice, we are left with using the default values of 10 Medical Sciences determined that about one-third of for human population variability, which has a cost in the studied mice were resistant, while another third and of itself, he stressed.
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The mouse population–derived Risk assessors struggle with epidemiology studies variability estimates for TCE metabolism closely that show effects in humans that are not seen in matched population variability estimates previously traditional animal models including Organisation for derived from human toxicokinetic studies with TCE. Economic Co-operation and Development guideline "Comparing it to the parameters you can get in studies, she said.
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ated with air pollution, identifying two candidate genes related to coagulation. Schwartz's group's • Case-only studies where hypothesized modifying results linked interindividual variability in these effect is modeled rather than death.
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California talked about the potential value of an Standing Committee member Chirag Patel22 from epidemiological approach known as mediation Harvard University commented on an emerging analysis, which uses statistical methods to disen tension in epidemiology: Larger sample sizes are tangle the causal pathways that link an exposure needed to improve the power of the observato an outcome and determine whether anything mediates the effect. The approach can aid in tions that can be drawn from a dataset, but some identifying molecular mechanisms that drive inter important datasets are "siloed." He suggested the individual variability.
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"Whether or not The Upshot we include race as a variable, it is predicting a lot of The workshop's presentations and discussions 24 Member of the Standing Committee on Emerging Science for made clear that decision contexts are very imporEnvironmental Health Decisions. tant and that we have come quite a long way since 25 Yudell, M, et al.
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The planning committee's role was limited to planning the workshop. The statements made are those of the authors or individual meeting participants and do not necessarily represent the views of all meeting participants, the planning committee, the Standing Committee on Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions, or the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
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