Grand Challenges for Engineering Imperatives, Prospects, and Priorities: Summary of a Forum (2016) / Chapter Skim
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I The Grand Challenges Revisited
I The Grand Challenges Revisited
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THE NEED FOR GLOBAL COLLABORATION In the national shock that followed the Soviet Union's October 1957 launch of Sputnik, the old National Advisory Commission for Aeronautics, a modest organization, was expanded into the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, a major federal agency. Then came President John F
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Each section of NAE members could assess and apply the Grand Challenges in their area and report back to the NAE council, he suggested. More broadly, engineers could call attention to the ways in which the Grand Challenges bear on food delivery, transportation networks, communications, and the other essential elements of modern life.
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Air travel brings us access to the extraordinary variety of human cultures and natural settings. Electronics Joy of living is not commonly nurtures our curiosity by providing found in an engineering course incredible access to information.
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Will the poorest countries receive coal and oil preferentially for their development? Natural gas provides almost twice as much energy for the same amount of carbon emission, because more hydrogen comes out of the ground with each carbon atom compared to coal.
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It has many aspects, of which climate change is just one, and will require "ambition, multidisciplinarity, and humility" to solve. SMALL SOLUTIONS TO BIG PROBLEMS "Breakthroughs in small structures could help achieve several of the Grand Challenge goals," said Jackie Ying.
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For example, because of poor patient compliance when dealing with insulin delivery -- patients do not want to prick their fingertips to test their blood sugar level and then inject insulin when the level is high -- "we went about developing a system that is smart enough to sense when blood sugar level is high, deliver insulin, then stop delivering insulin when the blood sugar level had dropped to normal." The key was a nanomaterial that involves a two-part glucose-sensitive polymer. When glucose in the bloodstream is Young people become excited high, crosslinking between the two when they realize that STEM substances stops, activating insulin fields are building blocks to delivery.
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"There has been, and remains, a lot of skepticism about this technology. After all, it has been worked on for more than 60 years and has yet to reach the point that fission reached in 1942 at the University of Chicago, when the control rods were pulled out of the first fission pile and it went critical, providing net power gain."
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At the UK Culham Centre for Fusion Energy and at Princeton University, a new geometry is being explored for the fusion chamber. Instead of a torus or doughnut, as in past designs, the reactor chamber is spherical, more like a cored apple with a single conductor down the middle that carries the current from C-shaped coils.
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All focused on the big global problems." In this way, the Grand Challenges "demystified engineering from being viewed by the general public as a discipline to being perceived as a way of meeting human needs and solving global problems." He recounted his experience talking about the report at a high school in Connecticut that has a preengineering program. He challenged the students to work for a week on one of the challenges.
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Today, liberal arts education focuses on abstract knowledge, while trade schools prepare students for specific jobs that already exist. What if high school students instead spent a full year on one of the Grand Challenges?
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has been used to locate groundwater in Egypt, Chad, India, China, and elsewhere. A technological advance made it possible to look at an age-old problem "with a whole new vision." El-Baz said he is regularly impressed that young people view technology as a good way to address society's problems, such as access to clean water.
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So when will.i.am was the halftime entertainer at the Super Bowl in 2011, Kamen called and asked him to make a video that would make science and engineering cool. The singer responded, "Dean, I can't make technology cool to kids -- you guys have already done that.
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"Rational intelligent people who appreciate the power of technology will, in a sense, displace the nonsense of political self- To compete with entertainment inflicted wounds." and sports for young people's This observation drew a com- attention, engineering needs to ment from moderator Dan Vergano, be flashy. who urged the engineering community to become more open to the public.
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