Improving the Safety of Marine Pipelines (1994) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 12-19
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From page 12... ...
The total mileage of marine pipelines increases by a few hundred miles each year, with new additions nearly balanced by abandonments The offshore pipeline industry, since its first ventures into the shallow coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific in the early 1950s, has steadily improved its operating practices, with new materials, more robust designs, and more efficient techniques for construction, operation, and maintenance. Today it operates with confidence in waters as deep as 1,700 feet and has developed the technology for much deeper waters, up to perhaps 3,000 feet.
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From page 13... ...
FIGURE 1-2 Offshore natural gas production in federal waters, 1954-1991. Safety regulation of marine pipelines is shared by federal and state agencies.
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From page 14... ...
~ / . 1 "\ ~ ~ | " Separators, Dehydrators, , `` Heater Treaters, Scrubbers 2 -- Compressor or Pump , ~ & Other Production Equipment Station To Be Wellhead Regulated by DOT Code: DOT/OPS: Department of Transportation, Office of Pipeline Safety DOI/MMS: Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service FIGURE 1-3 Pipeline safety regulatory jurisdictions in federal outer continental shelf waters.
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From page 15... ...
Pipelines also must share the seabed and waters with vessels of all types, near some of the most heavily used cargo ports in the nation and some of the most productive commercial and recreational fisheries. The potential for interference with other users was underscored in the late 1980s by two fatal accidents in which fishing boats operating in shallow waters struck inadequately buried pipelines, with ensuing explosions, injuries, and deaths (Joint Task Force on Offshore Pipelines, 1990; National Transportation Safety Board, 19909.
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From page 17... ...
Risk management on the basis of such limited information is challenging. The Marine Board of the National Research Council, in an effort to improve the factual basis for safety planning, commissioned the most complete study yet of the available data on pipeline failures on the outer continental shelf (OCS)
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From page 18... ...
Relationships between failure rates and length of service or product carried cannot be established, although such information would be extremely valuable in safety planning and should be assigned a high priority in future risk assessment efforts. Assembling a more useful data base should have a high priority, but will take years.
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From page 19... ...
1990. Joint Task Force Report on Offshore Pipelines.
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