Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice (2016) / Chapter Skim
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7 Future Directions for Research, Policy, and Practice
7 Future Directions for Research, Policy, and Practice
Pages 289-304
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From page 289... ...
As stated in Chapter 5, the committee finds that universal prevention programs do exist that either have demonstrated effectiveness or hold promise for reducing bullying and related behavioral and mental health problems, although the effectiveness of current programs is relatively modest. Multicomponent schoolwide programs appear to be most effective at reducing bullying.
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From page 290... ...
Bullying behavior has significant negative consequences on physical, mental, and behavioral health and on academic performance. Bullying behavior leads to biological changes, although more research is needed to fully understand how changes in the brain associated with bullying lead to increased risk for mental and physical health problems.
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From page 291... ...
These recommendations are organized around the following four categories: Surveillance and Monitoring, State and Local Policies, Preventive Intervention Programming, and the Social Media Industry. The committee's recommendations are described in more detail below, and the chapter-specific conclusions that support these recommendations are identified.
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From page 292... ...
Recommendation 7.2: The U.S. Departments of Education, Health and Human Services, and Justice, and other agencies engaged in the Federal Partners in Bullying Prevention interagency group should gather lon gitudinal surveillance data on the prevalence of all forms of bullying, including physical, verbal, relational, property, cyber, and bias-based bullying, and the prevalence of individuals involved in bullying, in cluding perpetrators, targets, and bystanders, in order to have more uniform and accurate prevalence estimates.
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From page 293... ...
Consequently, research is needed to identify contextual factors that are protective for specific subgroups of youth that are most at risk of perpetrating or be ing targeted by bullying behavior. State and Local Policies The following recommendation addresses state and local policies.
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From page 294... ...
The committee believes that state-level laws and policies aimed at reducing bullying should be evidence-based. Establishing best practices for this legislation will involve an iterative process of conducting additional research on and evaluation of anti-bullying laws outlined in this report, followed by fine-tuning of the laws, followed by more research and evaluation.
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From page 295... ...
Ineffective or harmful programs and practices such as zero tolerance should be immediately discontinued. These should include programs consistent with a public health approach to bullying, which includes universal, targeted, and indicated prevention programming.
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From page 296... ...
. There is also a need for studies that can enhance understanding of the extent to which extant, empirically supported selective and indicated preventive interventions for violence, aggression, and delinquency could be leveraged to meet the needs of students involved in bullying behavior or experiencing the mental and behavioral health consequences of bullying.
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From page 297... ...
Conclusion 5.10: Regardless of the prevention program or model se lected, issues related to implementation fidelity, spanning initial buy-in and adoption through taking programs to scale and sustainability, need careful consideration and an authentic investment of resources in order to achieve outcomes and sustained implementation. Conclusion 6.7: There is emerging research that some widely used ap proaches such as zero tolerance policies are not effective at reducing bullying and thus should be discontinued, with the resources redirected to evidence-based policies and programs.
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From page 298... ...
These individuals can include educators; education support professionals such as school bus drivers, school resource officers, and others who interact on a regular basis with children and youth; health care professionals, including pediatricians, school nurses, and counselors; and other adults such as youth development staff at after-school programs, sports coaches, religious staff, Scout leaders, camp counselors, and the like. As described in earlier chapters, especially Chapter 5, these paid and unpaid professionals are often at the "front lines" and may witness bullying or want to intervene but feel poorly equipped to do so.
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From page 299... ...
Social Media Industry The following recommendation addresses the social media industry. Recommendation 7.7: Social media companies, in partnership with the Federal Partners for Bullying Prevention Steering Committee, should adopt, implement, and evaluate on an ongoing basis policies and programs for preventing, identifying, and responding to bullying on their platforms and should publish their anti-bullying policies on their Websites.
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From page 300... ...
Thus, it is important that social media companies, whose platforms provide a venue for bullying, become proactively involved in this issue and provide transparency in their efforts. Supporting Evidence for the Recommendation Conclusion 2.4: Different types of bullying behaviors -- physical, rela tional, cyber -- may emerge or be more salient at different stages of the developmental life course.
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From page 301... ...
Genetic Predisposition to Mental Understand the role of genetic influences on both Health Outcomes and Bullying bullying and victimization; for example, studies that examine bullying perpetration in relation to serotonin transporter polymorphisms. Health Care Professionals Investigate evidence-based practices for integrating content on bullying preventive interventions into curricula for health care professionals.
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From page 302... ...
Physical Health Consequences of Examine the physical health consequences for children Bullying and youth who bully and for those who both bully and are bullied, including how outcomes vary over time for different groups of youth, why individuals with the same bullying and victim experiences may have different physical health outcomes, and how physical and emotional health outcomes intersect over time. Prevalence of Bullying Study the disparities in prevalence between different groups (e.g., LGBT youth, overweight/obese youth, youth with specific developmental disabilities, socioeconomic status, immigration status, minority religious status, youth with intersectional identities, urbanicity)
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From page 303... ...
This is a pivotal time for bullying prevention, and there is not a quick fix or one-size-fits-all solution. Nevertheless, science and
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From page 304... ...
The committee believes the recommendations laid out in this report are an important roadmap for achieving this goal.
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