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3 The Effects of Institutionalization and Living Outside of Family Care on Children's Early Development
Pages 11-22

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From page 11...
... . Regardless of the timing of traumatic life events, Kutlesic emphasized the importance of building on the strengths of these children, eliminating stigma, and fostering their growth and well-being through their participation in evidence-based, multidisciplinary interventions aimed at improving their health, education, and psychosocial development.
From page 12...
... Petersburg–USA Orphanage Research Team, and others has focused on large hospital-style institutions employing shift workers with minimal interactions with residing infants and children, with results demonstrating powerful negative effects on the infant brain and other aspects of child development (Nelson et al., 2014; St. Petersburg–USA Orphanage Research Team, 2008)
From page 13...
... To combat the detrimental effects of institutionalization on young children, UNICEF launched a deinstitutionalization campaign after the United Nations (UN) General Assembly released guidelines saying that no child under 3 years of age should be in institutional care.
From page 14...
... • A lack of home-based assessments of children in need and their families • A lack of free universal prevention services to reduce child abuse, neglect, and abandonment • Weak targeted interventions with families at high risk of child abuse, neglect, and abandonment • Slow development of high-quality foster care systems In closing, Browne suggested the provision of high-quality foster care, community services for families in need, and daycare facilities for children with and without disabilities to reduce the number of children in
From page 15...
... In response to these questions, Bucharest Early Intervention Project researchers designed a randomized control trial to control for environmental and background differences between children and examine the treatment effects incurred from high-quality foster care. When the project started, there was no national foster care system, only local initiatives largely supported by NGOs, said Berens.
From page 16...
... . Examining EEG patterns, researchers found that children placed into foster care after 24 months of age had brain activity indistinguishable from the institutionalized group, whereas children placed before 24 months had EEG patterns that were indistinguishable from the never institutionalized group (Vanderwert et al., 2010)
From page 17...
... Alpha and theta power (age 8 yrs.) FIGURE 3-1  Effect modification by age at foster care placement suggests multiple sensitive periods across developmental domains.
From page 18...
... With an aim to reduce the number of children in institutions by 50 percent by 2012, as targeted in the National Strategy and Action Plan on the residential child care system reform for 2007–2012, Lumos Moldova joined the efforts of authorities and NGOs to decrease the number of children placed in residential care and implemented Lumos' 10-step model for deinstitutionalization, as presented in Box 3-1. By implementing the National Strategy and Action Plan, the number of children in institutions in Moldova decreased by 62 percent by 2012.
From page 19...
... SOURCE: Malanciuc, 2015. TRANSFORMING CHILD CARE SYSTEMS: A CZECH POLICY PERSPECTIVE Katerina Slesingerova suggested three reasons why transforming the child care system can be a difficult task.11 First, while most people agree that children need protection, they do not agree on how this should be 11  Katerina Slesingerova is head of the Department for the Protection of Children's Rights at the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs in the Czech Republic.
From page 20...
... She added that no child care system is perfect, but that change can continue to be made according to new evidence. BREAKOUT SESSION ON CHILDREN LIVING OUTSIDE OF FAMILY CARE In addition to the panel presentations, the workshop featured a session in which workshop participants separated into four groups to discuss best practices for reaching children living at the margins of society.
From page 21...
... To curb guidance from medical staff to parents to abandon children, Karin Dom placed psychologists in Bulgarian hospitals to support doctors and nurses. Psychologists offered support to staff delivering children with disabilities and talked through alternatives to institutional care.


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