Space Studies Board Annual Report 2015 (2016) / Chapter Skim
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6 Congressional Testimony
6 Congressional Testimony
Pages 61-72
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From page 61... ...
held a hearing titled "The International Space Station: Addressing Operational Challenges." Dr. James Pawelczyk, associate professor of physiology and kinesiology at Pennsylvania State University, and a member of the Academies' Committee on Biological and Physical Sciences in Space, provided testimony on behalf of the Academies' Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board, and the SSB.
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From page 62... ...
The outcome is that National Laboratory research and peer-reviewed, NASA-sponsored research vie for scarce resources such as crew time and positions on the flight manifest; in some cases forcing NASA research to lower fidelity Earth-based analogs such as bed rest research for muscle atrophy and bone demineralization. The extension criteria report requested by Congress in the NASA Authorization Act of 2015 creates opportunities 2 http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/396093main_HSF_Cmte_FinalReport.pdf.
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From page 63... ...
Decadal Research Plan; the first decadal survey of NASA's life and physical sciences programs. The guiding principle of the study was, "to set an agenda for research in the next decade that would use the unique characteristics of the space environment to address com plex problems in the life and physical sciences, so as to deliver both new knowledge and practical benefits for humankind as it embarks on a new era of space exploration." Furthermore, the LPS Decadal organizers were tasked with establishing priorities for an integrated portfolio of biological and physical sciences research in the decade of 2010-2020.
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From page 64... ...
If it is translational research to prepare for a human trip to Mars, then the ISS research portfolio should be tailored accordingly. The LPS Decadal Survey provides a very detailed scheme to evaluate the importance of proposed research on the International Space Station.
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From page 65... ...
This reorganization acknowledges -- in point of fact, celebrates -- both the discovery and translational outcomes of research in the biological and physical sciences. • Consistent with recommendations in the LPS Decadal, the Biological and Physical Sciences Program has restarted regular research announcements for ground-based and flight experiments.
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From page 66... ...
My LPS Decadal Survey colleagues and I contend that NASA can and should continue to restore a high level of programmatic vision and dedication to life and physical sciences research, to ensure that the considerable obstacles to human exploration missions to Mars can be resolved. This will depend on NASA embrac ing life and physical sciences research as part of its core exploration mission and re-energizing a community of life and physical scientists and engineers focused on both discovery and translational research.
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From page 67... ...
While at Goddard I also served as the source selection official for the SeaWiFS Ocean Color Data Buy from Orbital Sciences Corporation that is directly relevant to this hearing. Presently, I also serve as the Co-Chair of Decadal Survey for Earth Sciences and Applications from Space being car ried out by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
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From page 68... ...
It became apparent to the oceanographic community that because of the dynamic nature of the world's oceans and climate, and the importance of the ocean's role in global change, a follow-on sensor to the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) should be flown…The SeaWiFS Project was designated to develop and operate a research data system to gather, process, archive, and distribute data received from an ocean color sensor…The data was procured as a "data buy" from a private contractor, Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC)
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From page 69... ...
Although there was some heritage in ocean color remote sensing from the proof of concept Coastal Zone Color Scanner, the fact that SeaWiFS was a totally new sensor employing a novel lunar calibration underscored the need for expert engineering support from an organization like NASA Goddard. As part of the ocean color data buy arrangement, NASA was also responsible for science data processing, on-orbit sensor calibration, and product quality control.
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From page 70... ...
Notably -- and the key to making this arrangement practicable in my view -- the commercial value of ocean color data to the fishing industry dissipates rapidly while the scientific value is not impacted substantially by short delays in data distribution. With respect to access and utilization of its science data, NASA has, as a matter of longstanding policy and practice, archived all science mission data products to ensure long-term usability and to promote wide-spread usage by scien tists, educators, decision-makers, and the general public.
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From page 71... ...
What, if any, are the next steps for Congress? Drawing on the lessons learned from the past, the most important next step is to establish a series of best practices to guide future public private partnerships for Earth remote sensing.
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From page 72... ...
Public-private partnerships offer an alternative -- and potentially less costly -- method to acquire Earth observations. However, with SeaWiFS as a guide, a successful public-partnership may be realized only in limited circumstances and only with careful attention to the particular needs of both profit-making entities and the scientific community.
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