Application of Remote Real-Time Monitoring to Offshore Oil and Gas Operations (2016) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Pages 49-88
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 49... ...
49 In Chapter 1, the nature of real-time monitoring (RTM) and remote RTM (RRTM)
|
From page 50... ...
50 Application of Remote Real-Time Monitoring to Offshore Oil and Gas Operations explosion, BSEE requested a study from the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the National Research Council (NRC)
|
From page 51... ...
Benefits of and Considerations for Remote Real-Time Monitoring 51 scale for equipment and operations) has created a technology pull, whereby new solutions are needed in technology deployment for cost-effectiveness and better safety management.
|
From page 52... ...
52 Application of Remote Real-Time Monitoring to Offshore Oil and Gas Operations A "kick" refers to the entry of formation fluid into the wellbore (or drilled hole) during drilling operations.
|
From page 53... ...
Benefits of and Considerations for Remote Real-Time Monitoring 53 defined. Such changes in data collection would require modifications of commercial arrangements and contracts, as well as hardware and software connectivity.4 The technical problems of transmitting and displaying the data may be the least difficult aspect of RRTM.
|
From page 54... ...
54 Application of Remote Real-Time Monitoring to Offshore Oil and Gas Operations • The onshore expertise must be available for consultation with the offshore personnel. • A clear line of communication and communication protocols must exist between onshore and offshore personnel.
|
From page 55... ...
Benefits of and Considerations for Remote Real-Time Monitoring 55 including topics such as nonproductive time and blowout preventer (BOP) availability.
|
From page 56... ...
56 Application of Remote Real-Time Monitoring to Offshore Oil and Gas Operations Environmental Management System (SEMS) plan; daily drilling reports; and historical information from past operations and an industry knowledge base.
|
From page 57... ...
Benefits of and Considerations for Remote Real-Time Monitoring 57 sets different from those used in BSEE's traditional inspection activities (BSEE 2014)
|
From page 58... ...
58 Application of Remote Real-Time Monitoring to Offshore Oil and Gas Operations on sophisticated data management and data analytics are also arising, with a long-term objective of CBM. One trend has been the increased sophistication of on-equipment control systems.
|
From page 59... ...
Benefits of and Considerations for Remote Real-Time Monitoring 59 benefits to the operator working offshore are significant and include increased equipment uptime, a long-term objective of no unplanned outages, and a better planning horizon for necessary interventions. Recently, Diamond Offshore and GE Oil and Gas entered into a 10-year arrangement for selected BOPs that mimics similar performance-based or uptime models in use within aviation and other industry ver tical markets.7 Fundamentally, these business models shift ownership and performance accountability of the asset to the OEM.
|
From page 60... ...
60 Application of Remote Real-Time Monitoring to Offshore Oil and Gas Operations efficiency and effectiveness through drilling and optimization and better well planning and execution. These efforts helped bring about formalized remote operations centers that can use competencies available onshore to increase overall efficiency of remote drilling and production operations.
|
From page 61... ...
Benefits of and Considerations for Remote Real-Time Monitoring 61 led to more efficient and reliable equipment. According to the authors' research, the data recorded are only a subset of the total available data.
|
From page 62... ...
62 Application of Remote Real-Time Monitoring to Offshore Oil and Gas Operations Data Management Real-time data on a MODU or a production platform are first aggregated offshore in a specialized data store for sensor and process control system data, or an electronic data recorder. This establishes a beginning point for data ownership by the operator.
|
From page 63... ...
Benefits of and Considerations for Remote Real-Time Monitoring 63 as WITSML and PRODML,10 ease the difficulty of exchanging data between systems and companies. Good data governance manages the data relationship between offshore facility and onshore center.
|
From page 64... ...
64 Application of Remote Real-Time Monitoring to Offshore Oil and Gas Operations are developed in the near future. These data will allow companies to analyze just-in-time options for the oil field, to improve control of their drilling programs and rig schedules, and to have better insight into supplier contracting possibilities.
|
From page 65... ...
Benefits of and Considerations for Remote Real-Time Monitoring 65 As more companies use RRTM in managing offshore operations, the scope of these issues will grow from single-company problems to industrywide challenges. Cybersecurity and RRTM Connectivity and communication between onshore and offshore facilities are important in efficient and safe offshore operations (TRB 2015)
|
From page 66... ...
66 Application of Remote Real-Time Monitoring to Offshore Oil and Gas Operations attacks.11 To a greater extent, control systems have been connected to Internet-facing networks, which allow more effective asset management and greater process efficiency. This connectedness can increase exposure of control-system-based targets, such as SCADA- and PLC-based systems, and increase potential pathways (or points of entry)
|
From page 67... ...
Benefits of and Considerations for Remote Real-Time Monitoring 67 The guidelines apply to the many stakeholders, including end users and OEMs, who design, manufacture, implement, or manage industrial control systems. The guidelines include the International Society of Automation (ISA)
|
From page 68... ...
68 Application of Remote Real-Time Monitoring to Offshore Oil and Gas Operations RRTM and Human Factors Considerations from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Research on human factors is diverse and multidisciplinary. It traditionally includes areas such as ergonomics, cognitive factors, and organizational factors, all of which can influence work design, resilience, operations, and safety.
|
From page 69... ...
Benefits of and Considerations for Remote Real-Time Monitoring 69 In addition to the RRTM centers above, the committee toured NASA's Johnson Space Center and Mission Control for the International Space Station (ISS) to gain a slightly different perspective on remote real-time centers.
|
From page 70... ...
70 Application of Remote Real-Time Monitoring to Offshore Oil and Gas Operations RRTM personnel. The NASA space flight experience requires that much of the monitoring of systems performance be completed remotely, given the small number of crew members on board the International Space Station (ISS)
|
From page 71... ...
Benefits of and Considerations for Remote Real-Time Monitoring 71 program and allow the agency to prioritize which inspections and SEMS audits it should observe. The idea of risk-based regulation and inspection activities has been used by regulatory agencies for many years.
|
From page 72... ...
72 Application of Remote Real-Time Monitoring to Offshore Oil and Gas Operations the issues were to be addressed. Under the prescriptive approach, PSA was in some sense a guarantor that safety in the industry was adequate and assumed a responsibility that should have rested with the operating companies (PSA Norway 2010)
|
From page 73... ...
Benefits of and Considerations for Remote Real-Time Monitoring 73 • Accountability. The operator has sole responsibility for safety.
|
From page 74... ...
Number of DFU Occurrences 0 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 Ev ac ua o n or m us te r D am ag ed s ub se a in st al la o n Su bs ea e qu ip m en t l ea k St ru ct ur al d am ag e Co lli si on b y a en da nt v es se l D ri in g ob je ct Sh ip o n co lli si on c ou rs e O th er fi re o r ex pl os io n W el l i nc id en t Ig ni te d hy dr oc ar bo n le ak U ni gn ite d hy dr oc ar bo n le ak 2040608010 0 12 0 FI G U RE 3 -1 R ep or te d oc cu rr en ce s of D FU s by c at eg or y.
|
From page 75... ...
Benefits of and Considerations for Remote Real-Time Monitoring 75 approach, Norway's experience illustrates how data collection can assist in identifying risks and could inform BSEE in many of these practices. BSEE and Risk-Based Initiatives As mentioned in Chapter 1, BSEE has sought to bolster its risk-based regulatory program over the past 3 years by identifying or implementing initiatives such as a near-miss and failure reporting system, risk-based inspections, and RTM of offshore facilities.25 BSEE expects that these initiatives will help improve management of many of the risks associated with and provide additional oversight of offshore oil and gas development.
|
From page 76... ...
76 Application of Remote Real-Time Monitoring to Offshore Oil and Gas Operations operation today, with some operating on a 24-hours-a-day, 7-days-aweek basis and with constant communication between the offshore platform and the onshore facility. Initially, these centers were established by industry in anticipation of efficiencies resulting from better well planning and execution and from access to expertise or other experienced personnel onshore.
|
From page 77... ...
Benefits of and Considerations for Remote Real-Time Monitoring 77 protection features of the new well. The proposed safety features may depend on the perceived risks of drilling and operating the new well or wells.
|
From page 78... ...
78 Application of Remote Real-Time Monitoring to Offshore Oil and Gas Operations applications that might allow enhanced worker safety, environmental safety, and the conservation of resources in the SEMS. For example, PINC S-202 reads as follows: Does the mechanical and facilities design information include as appropriate the P&ID [piping and instrumentation]
|
From page 79... ...
Benefits of and Considerations for Remote Real-Time Monitoring 79 INSPECTION PROCEDURE: Verify that the management program requires that a hazards analysis be performed for any facility subject to this recommended practice and that human factors are considered in the analysis. The committee anticipates that many of these hazards would be evaluated with a matrix-based risk assessment as described earlier.
|
From page 80... ...
80 Application of Remote Real-Time Monitoring to Offshore Oil and Gas Operations that could depend on RTM or on RRTM to meet safety and environmental goals. The committee reaffirms that any risk management plan is an active document that requires continuous monitoring, reassessment, and reaction.
|
From page 81... ...
Benefits of and Considerations for Remote Real-Time Monitoring 81 Before the intelligent decisioning functionality (i.e., significant automation) can be envisioned, the intelligent device functionality (i.e., CBM)
|
From page 82... ...
82 Application of Remote Real-Time Monitoring to Offshore Oil and Gas Operations (Terranova 2015) , and maintenance norms (i.e., method and philosophy)
|
From page 83... ...
Benefits of and Considerations for Remote Real-Time Monitoring 83 purpose. Thus, each company's equipment has its own engineering and manufacturing backgrounds.
|
From page 84... ...
84 Application of Remote Real-Time Monitoring to Offshore Oil and Gas Operations and they will need to demonstrate a track record as in other industries with similar conditions. With an increase in the number of testing cycles and the baselining of equipment, more data will need to be captured, stored, and managed over the life cycle of the asset, which has implications for the data storage capabilities designed into the equipment.
|
From page 85... ...
Benefits of and Considerations for Remote Real-Time Monitoring 85 RRTM be mandated on all wells, but instead that the implementation of RRTM as BAST could be considered relative to its potential contributions to overall safety, consistent with the principle of ALARP, where practicability is interpreted as encompassing both technological availability and economic feasibility. The chapter provides four examples of the notional benefits of applying RRTM in the areas of well integrity and early kick detection, augmented competencies from onshore, BSEE regulatory oversight and inspections, and CBM of critical equipment.
|
From page 86... ...
86 Application of Remote Real-Time Monitoring to Offshore Oil and Gas Operations BSEE could use existing regulations, such as SEMS, to manage the use of RRTM. By encouraging offshore operators to address the role of RRTM in their SEMS plans, BSEE could allow operators to determine the circumstances under which RRTM would be used.
|
From page 87... ...
Benefits of and Considerations for Remote Real-Time Monitoring 87 Byres, E
|
From page 88... ...
88 Application of Remote Real-Time Monitoring to Offshore Oil and Gas Operations OLF.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.