Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity Navigating the Evidence (2016) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
4 Comparison of Data Sources Used to Assess Obesity Prevalence and Trends
4 Comparison of Data Sources Used to Assess Obesity Prevalence and Trends
Pages 89-122
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 89... ...
is expected to begin releasing state-level estimates in 2017. • School-based assessments are a key source of directly measured height and weight data for children and adolescents.
|
From page 90... ...
These include population surveillance surveys, direct measurement in the school setting, clinical and public health setting administrative data, and cohort studies. Although they are presented as distinct, these categories can overlap, depending on the design of the data source.
|
From page 91... ...
populations. Some population surveys that capture height and weight data are designed to describe the country as a whole ("nationally representative")
|
From page 92... ...
Third, some data sources are both nationally representative and representative of multiple states and localities. These data sources will be discussed later in the chapter.
|
From page 93... ...
NHANES is not designed to assess variations in prevalence estimates that exist across and within regions, states, and localities. The purpose of NHANES is to provide nationally representative estimates overall and in select subgroups of interest while maintaining high-quality data (including clinical examinations and biomarker measurements)
|
From page 94... ...
The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Household Component MEPS-HC is a nationally representative survey sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
|
From page 95... ...
. Population Surveillance Surveys Designed to Represent the Nation and Individual States and Localities Nationally representative statistics provide invaluable insight into the overall health status of the country.
|
From page 96... ...
In addition to state-level estimates, the BRFSS also can be used to monitor select cities, counties, and regions.a Although it provides valuable insight into the health status of adults through out the United States, the BRFSS has limitations. Because BRFSS collects data through self-report, estimates of obesity prevalence may not be aligned with those derived from directly measured height and weight data.
|
From page 97... ...
These height and weight data can be used to generate state-level PedNSS-like reports depending on internal capacity for data analysis in individual states. Not all states that continue to assess obesity prevalence do so using the same analytic approach as the national PedNSS, which limits the ability to compare prevalence statistics over time (Colorado WIC Program, 2013)
|
From page 98... ...
As was dis cussed in Chapter 3 (see Box 3-3) , WIC administrative data are a particularly rich source of directly measured height and weight data on low-income children who participate in the program.
|
From page 99... ...
Students are asked whether they are H ispanic or Latino, and are also instructed to select from five race categories (American Indian or Alaska Native; Asian; black or African American; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; white)
|
From page 100... ...
NSCH data are available through the Data Resource Center for Child and Adolescent Health (Data Resource Center for Child and Adolescent Health, 2016c) and can be queried through Web-based interactive tools to generate national, Health Resources and S ervices Administration region, and state estimates on select parameters (Data Resource Center for Child and Adolescent Health, 2016b)
|
From page 101... ...
, Web-based tools presenting prevalence estimates from NSCH data restrict the results to children ages 10 to 17 years (Data Resource Center for Child and Adolescent Health, 2016b)
|
From page 102... ...
As with the prior cycles of NSCH, height and weight data are collected through proxy-report. Considerations for Assessing Population Surveys Used to Estimate Obesity Prevalence and Trends The nationally representative population surveillance surveys used to assess obesity prevalence and trends among children, adolescents, and young adults have different goals and objectives.
|
From page 103... ...
No population surveillance survey or system currently produces state-level estimates of obesity prevalence in school-aged children, adolescents, or young adults from directly measured height and weight data collected in a consistent manner across multiple states. The committee was unable to comprehensively assess or compare population surveys being conducted in individual states and localities.
|
From page 104... ...
children ages Children ages 0 to 17 years, in: NSCH/ 0 to 17 yearsj All 50 states NS-CSHCNj Washington, DCj
|
From page 105... ...
Height and weight not directly measured. (proxy-, Generates Census region- Height and weight data not captured for self-report)
|
From page 106... ...
b Sampling is nationally representative. However, height and weight data are not collected on children younger than age 12 years.
|
From page 107... ...
, and American Indian and Alaska Natives (UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, 2016a) and select counties that fund additional interviews to obtain sub-county estimates (UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, 2016b)
|
From page 108... ...
, in order to compare different ways that states are collecting directly measured height and weight data from students. It is for this reason that the Texas School Physical Activity and Nutrition (SPAN)
|
From page 109... ...
The annual dataset has more than a million records per year of children throughout the state. As such, estimates have been generated for select groups that are not adequately represented in nationally representative surveys on a consistent basis (e.g., Filipinos)
|
From page 110... ...
. Texas Another approach being taken to monitor obesity prevalence in schoolaged children is the Texas SPAN Survey.9 SPAN is conducted by university researchers supported by Texas Department of State Health and Services funding.
|
From page 111... ...
This expanse of time between assessments can be a challenge for those seeking current estimates. Considerations in Assessing School-Based Efforts That Collect Directly Measured Height and Weight Data School-based assessments that directly measure students' heights and weights address some of the limitations of population surveys (e.g., large samples of children, directly measured height and weight data)
|
From page 112... ...
5 years. 8, 11 in Health and Selected schools, sampled Services districts schoolsd employees NOTE: ACHI, Arkansas Center for Health Improvement; BMI, body mass index; Dept., Department; Pre-K/K, pre-kindergarten/kindergarten; SPAN, School Physical Activity and Nutrition (Survey)
|
From page 113... ...
. Although EHR datasets can be a particularly rich source of measured height and weight data on a large number of patients, the interpretation of assessments of obesity prevalence and trends comes with several important considerations.
|
From page 114... ...
It does not provide insight into numeric value of the BMI or the BMI-for-age percentile. Accordingly, HEDIS® is not a data source for determining obesity prevalence or trends.
|
From page 115... ...
This could include reports submitted by clinics at the time of immunization, or even to a separate database from reports required for physical exams for enrollment or school-based BMI screening. The registry concept aligns with the public health objectives of "meaningful use" criteria for clinics, in that it anticipates the ability to send information from EHRs to state public health departments.
|
From page 116... ...
Three illustrative examples of cohort studies that collected height and weight data are presented below.
|
From page 117... ...
Nearly 100 peer-reviewed research articles have been published from these data looking at obesity-related risk factors and trends in risk factors over time. Minneapolis Childhood Cohort Studies The Minneapolis Childhood Cohort Study is one of seven cohort s tudies included in the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C)
|
From page 118... ...
. SUMMARY Data sources being used to assess obesity prevalence and trends include population surveillance surveys, direct measurement in the school setting, clinical and public health administrative data, and cohort studies.
|
From page 119... ...
2015b. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2014 summary data quality report. http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/annual_data/2014/pdf/2014_dqr.pdf (accessed March 24, 2016)
|
From page 120... ...
Chapel Hill, NC: Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. CHIS (California Health Interview Survey)
|
From page 121... ...
2014. Body mass index growth module in the Michigan Care Improvement Registry: Frequently asked questions.
|
From page 122... ...
2016a. What's new in the 2011-2012 California Health Interview Survey.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.