Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Science An Investment in the Future (1994) / Chapter Skim
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D Survey of AMO Scientists
D Survey of AMO Scientists
Pages 163-206
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From page 163... ...
Nonetheless, the possibility exists that the results of the survey will be biased by nonresponse; that is, the opinions of those AMO scientists who did not respond are not represented. It is difficult to estimate what fraction of practicing AMO doctoral scientists actually received and returned a t 163
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From page 164... ...
The 1990 APS employment survey reported 2,725 doctoral scientists actively employed in AMO physics in 1989, and that this number had remained essentially constant for several years. The panel's survey indicates that ~41% of AMO scientists hold degrees in physics, suggesting that there are about 6,000 to 7,000 AMO doctoral scientists active today.
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From page 165... ...
. A weighted average of the responses suggests that some 22% of the work in AMO science is undertaken at user facilities.
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From page 166... ...
As expected, federal monies support the bulk of the research effort in government laboratories. The total amounts and sources of annual support for AMO science listed by respondents are presented in Figure D.14a, which shows an aggregate annual support of $610M.
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From page 167... ...
Private foundations, corporate donations, and state funds contribute ~$48M. Given that not all AMO scientists responded to the questionnaire, these numbers represent lower bounds to the annual funding level for AMO science, which is likely to be ~$1B.
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From page 168... ...
It is also agreed that capital equipment items deserve strong support. There is unanimity that new user facilities, advanced computer facilities, centers of excellence, and softmoney positions are not of the highest priority.
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From page 169... ...
The data suggest that a majority (~60%) of R&D groups in government laboratories have hired, or tried to hire, AMO scientists to fill temporary positions.
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From page 170... ...
Taken together, respondents in government, industry, and universities estimate there will be 740, 540, and 1,330 temporary positions, respectively, in these sectors in the next 3 years; that is, respondents expect an average of 870 temporary positions in AMO science per year. This availability is slightly lower than that reported (~930 per year)
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From page 171... ...
Of these theorists, it is expected that ~80% will work on computationally intensive problems. As indicated in Figure D.28, a substantial majority of respondents, especially those in industry, believe that human resources in AMO science are adequate to meet existing and future needs in terms of both quantity and quality.
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From page 172... ...
principal area of research. The bars represent the percentage of respondents in each sector or area who obtained their highest degree in the time intervals indicated.
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From page 173... ...
The bars represent the number of respondents in each employment sector who obtained their degree in the specialties indicated.
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From page 174... ...
The bars represent the percentage of respondents in each employment sector who have been employed for the time intervals indicated.
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From page 175... ...
The bars represent the number of respondents in each sector who hold the positions indicated.
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From page 176... ...
major research area. The bars represent the number of respondents in each sector or area who are members of the societies indicated.
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From page 177... ...
The bars represent the percentage of respondents in each employment sector who characterized their principal R&D activities as indicated. Atomic & molecular structure ~ properties Optical interactions with atoms & molecules Atomic & molecular collisions & interactions Interaction of atorr s & molecules with solids & surfaces Studies of special atoms & molecules Laser spectroscopy Nonlinear optical phenomena Quantum optics Optical interactions with condensed matter Ultrafast optics Physics of coherent light sources Interface with other areas of science & technology ~cmmm nrnrn Up ' f '/A T_, '~ 111111 Government O Industry University/college ~''~'''''''''''''''1~''''''~ 1 NORMALIZED RESPONSE FIGURE D.7 Research specialties of respondents, broken down by employment sector.
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From page 178... ...
The bars represent the percentage of these respondents whose level of involvement, and change in involvement over the past 5 years, is as indicated.
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From page 179... ...
1 1 1 1 30 40 50 60 PERCENTAGE FIGURE D.9a Utilization of user facilities, broken down by (i) employment sector and (ii)
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From page 180... ...
The bars represent the percentage of respondents in each area who listed the countries indicated.
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From page 181... ...
research efforts in the respondents' major research area in comparison to those in other countries, broken down by employment sector. The bars represent the mean ranking for each category indicated on a scale of 1 to 5.
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From page 182... ...
82 Too little theoretical work About right Too little experimental work Too little theoretical work About right Too little experimental work Too little theoretical work About right Too little experimental work ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL SCIENCE 11~1 Government Industry University/college '2''2~' ;''-'~>a ' ~.
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From page 183... ...
The bars represent the percentage of respondents in each employment sector who reported support from each indicated source.
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From page 184... ...
- 1 :: ~ o 20 40 60 80 100 120 ANNUAL SUPPORT LEVEL ($M) FIGURE D.14a Annual support levels for AMO science reported by respondents, broken down by employment sector.
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From page 185... ...
major research area. The bars represent the percentage of respondents with direct research support who reported undertaking research in each indicated mission area.
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From page 186... ...
The bars represent the percentage of respondents with direct research funding who indicated each listed support level.
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From page 187... ...
The bars represent the percentage of respondents with direct research funding who characterized the change in number as indicated. Increased substantially Increased somewhat Remained same Decreased somewhat Decreased substantially .
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From page 188... ...
The bars represent the percentage of respondents in each employment sector who responded "yes" and "no" to the question, Should support for the strongest programs be increased at the expense of the total number of programs supported?
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From page 189... ...
The responses are broken down by employment sector, and the bars represent the mean rating on a scale of 1 to 5 for each category.
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From page 190... ...
The bars represent the percentage of respondents in each employment sector who reported interaction with the number of people indicated in each of the listed categories.
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From page 191... ...
and not changing (no) their major research emphasis in the past 5 years.
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From page 192... ...
The bars represent the percentage of respondents in each sector who reported that the R&D group or team to which they belong hired or tried to hire the indicated number of AMO scientists to fill a temporary positionks)
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From page 193... ...
The bars represent the percentage of respondents in each sector who reported that the R&D group or team to which they belong will hire or try to hire the indicated number of AMO scientists to fill temporary positions in the next 3 years. Atomic & molecular structure & properties Optical interactions with atoms & molecules Atomic & molecular collisions & interactions Interaction of atoms & molecules with solids & surfaces Studies of special atoms & molecules Laser spectroscopy Nonlinear optical phenomena Quantum optics Optical interactions with condensed matter Ultrafast optics Physics of coherent light sources Interface win other areas of science & technology ....
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From page 194... ...
The bars represent the percentage of respondents in each sector who reported that the R&D group or team to which they belong hired or tried to hire the indicated number of AMO scientists to fill a permanent positionks)
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From page 195... ...
The bars represent the percentage of respondents in each employment sector who reported that the R&D group or team to which they belong will hire or try to hire the indicated number of AMO scientists to fill permanent positions in the next 3 years. Atomic & molecular structure & properties Optical interactions with atoms & molecules Atomic & molecular collisions & interactions Interaction of atoms & molecules with solids & surfaces Studies of special atoms & molecules Laser spectroscopy Nonlinear optical phenomena Quantum optics Optical interactions with condensed matter Ultrafast optics Physics of coherent light sources Interface with other areas of science & technology ~:~ ...................
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From page 196... ...
The bars represent, for each sector, the percentage of available positions in each category. Principally atomic Principally molecular Principally optical Principally basic Principally applied Principally experimental Principally theoretical 1 ~ it_ ~ I.-.
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From page 197... ...
The bars represent the percentage of respondents in each employment sector who believe that AMO science in their organization is becoming more or less important, or remaining about the same.
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From page 199... ...
A 1 O Principally atomic 2 O Principally molecular 3 O Principally optical B
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From page 200... ...
1 O Yes 2 O No IF YOU CHECKED BOOS A1 OR B1: C Are any of these programs cross-disciplinary, i.e., collaborations with disciplines outside AMO science?
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From page 201... ...
Assuming only modest increases in total support for AMO science, do you believe funding for the strongest programs should be increased at the expense of the total number of programs supported?
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From page 202... ...
25. Do you anticipate that the R&D group/team to which you belong will try to recruit AMO scientists to fill TEMPORARY positions in the next 3 years (1992-1994)
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From page 203... ...
27. Do you anticipate that your group/academic department will try to hire new staff/faculty to LONG-TERM OR PERMANENT positions in AMO science in the next 3 years (1992-1994)
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From page 204... ...
204 ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH SPECIALTIES DIRECTORY ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES 01 RF, microwave and IR spectroscopy 02 Visible and W spectroscopy 03 Oscillator strengths, transition moments, Franck-Condon factors 04 Fluorescence and Phosphorescence, internal conversion 05 Behavior in static fields 06 Excited-state lifetimes 07 Relativity, QED and parity violation effects 08 Electron correlation effects 09 Fundamental theory OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH ATOMS AND MOLECULES 10 Radiative transport, opacity 11 Level crossing and optical pumping 12 Photodissociation/molecular dynamics 1 3 Photoionization/photodetachment, photoelectron spectroscopy 14 Inner shell ionization, Auger processes 15 Mechanical effects of light on atoms and molecules 16 Intense field effects 17 Photo-induced reactions, photochemistry ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR COLLISIONS AND INTERACTIONS 18 Ultracold collisions 19 Transport phenomena, diffusion 20 Interaction potentials and forces 21 Rotational and vibrational energy transfer 22 Reactive scattering, chemical kinetics 23 Excitation, dissociation 24 Charge transfer collisions, recombination 25 Reaction rate constants and cross sections 26 Electron impact excitation/ionization 27 Polarization and orientation studies 28 Development of special beam sources for AMO science 29 Computational modelling; simulation 30 Fundamental collision theory INTERACTION OF ATOMS AND MOLECULES WITH SOLIDS AND SURFACES 3 1 Channelling 32 Atom/molecule-surface scattering 33 Ion-surface scattering 34 Properties of adsorbed atoms and molecules STUDIES OF SPECIAL ATOMS AND MOLECULES 35 Highly excited species 36 Highly charged ions 37 Exotic atoms and molecules 3 8 Atomic and Molecular clusters LASER SPECTROSCOPY 39 Precision spectroscopy/Fundamental measurements 40 High field effects in matter 41 Multiphoton processes 42 Trapping and cooling of atoms and molecules 43 Novel techniques and concepts in spectroscopy 44 Frequency measurement/absolute standards NONLINEAR OPTICAL PHENOMENA 45 Fundamental nonlinear optics 46 Nonlinear optics in fiber, guided wave, and other structures 47 Nonlinear optics at interfaces 48 New nonlinear optical materials 49 Phase conjugation 50 Nonlinear spectroscopy QUANTUM OPTICS 51 Methods of production and properties of squeezed states 52 Quantum aspects of light/Cavity QED 53 Noise 54 Nonlinear dynamics/Instabilities/Chaos 55 Applications to fundamental measurements
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From page 205... ...
APPENDIX D OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH CONDENSED MATTER 56 Interactions with liquids 57 Interactions with solids, composites, superconductors 58 Interactions with semiconductors and heterostructures 59 Optical processes at surfaces and interfaces ULTRAFAST OPTICS 60 Methods for generation of ultrashort light pulses 61 Ultrafast optical measurement techniques 62 Ultrafast optical spectroscopy 63 Applications of ultrafast optical pulses PHYSICS OF COHERENT LIGHT SOURCES 64 New sources and physical mechanisms, multiwave mixing 65 XW and X-ray lasers 66 Gas lasers 67 Solid state lasers 68 Laser materials 69 Free-electron lasers 70 Semiconductor and quantum well lasers 71 Non-linear dynamics in lasers INTERFACE WITH OTHER AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 72 Computational methods 73 Detector and imaging technology 74 Materials characterization 75 Laser materials processing 76 Industrial applications of lasers 77 Medical applications of lasers 78 Application of lasers in biosciences 79 Optical damage 80 Optoelectronics 81 Optical communications device design/fiber optic media engineering 82 Optical data storage 83 Microlithography, nanotechnology 84 Holography 85 Optical diagnostics 86 Metrology 87 Combustion science 88 Laser-produced plasmas 89 Plasma processing (CVD, etching, ...) 90 Fusion (MFE and ICF)
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