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3 Focus on Nanomanufacturing
Pages 44-60

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From page 44...
... has identified manufacturing as a matter of fundamental importance to the United States -- economically and, in some sectors, for national security.1 In June 2011, PCAST released the report Ensuring American Leadership in Advanced Manufacturing.2 Shortly thereafter, President Obama launched the Advanced Manufacturing Partnership, a national effort bringing together industry, universities, and the federal government to invest in the emerging technologies, such as nanotechnology, that will create high-quality manufacturing jobs and enhance U.S. competitiveness.
From page 45...
... NANOMANUFACTURING AS A PILLAR OF THE NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE Development of the capability to manufacture nanoscale materials and devices, as well as their incorporation into products, is key to realizing the potential benefits of nano-enabled technology for society. National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)
From page 46...
... An appropriately educated workforce, both for making the next-generation discoveries and for operating the nanomanufacturing processes, is vital to the continued economic success of the country. In addition, educating the general public about nanotechnology and nanomanufacturing is critical to achieving accep tance and realization of the promise of nanotechnology, its capabilities and risks.9 7    hemical Industry Vision2020 Technology Partnership, 2003, Chemical Industry R&D Roadmap C for Nanomaterials by Design: From Fundamentals to Function, Energetics, Inc., December, http://www.
From page 47...
... The 2014 update to the NNI strategic plan eliminated the objective under Goal 2 to "develop robust, scalable nanomanufacturing methods necessary to facilitate commercialization by doubling the share of the NNI investment in nanomanufacturing research over the next five years."11 A review of the annual budget reports shows an apparent drop in nanomanufacturing funding from 2012 to 2013. "Apparent" because it appears 10    hemical C Industry Vision2020Technology Partnership, 2003, Chemical Industry R&D Roadmap for Nanomaterials By Design, p.
From page 48...
... . But the reported actual DOD support for nanomanufacturing drops from $42 million in 2012 to $3.7 million in 2013, which is not enough monies to
From page 49...
... Recommendation 3.1: The Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology Subcommittee should prepare a report that provides a self-consistent record of the NNI nanomanufacturing program, the status relative to the recom mendations of the 2007 Manufacturing at the Nanoscale report, and the NNI plans to move forward. BASIC RESEARCH IN SUPPORT OF VIABLE NANOMANUFACTURING Several government agencies sponsor programs in fundamental research on nanomanufacturing methods and techniques, including research on methods for retaining nanoscale properties when scaling up for use in larger products and
From page 50...
... became the core NNN, which today includes the DOE Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies at Sandia National Laboratory and the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. According to the NSF nanomanufacturing program director, the work funded through the NNN NSECs is one step closer (up to technology readiness level [TRL]
From page 51...
... The CHM provides tool sets that its partners can use to demonstrate process feasibility and scalability.15,16 The NNN also sponsored a series of workshops on nanoinformatics, an enabling technology for process control, streamlined product and manufacturing design, and experimental design and analysis. NNN research results, along with other nanomanufacturing related information, have been curated on the website InterNano.org.
From page 52...
... Such centers might be explicitly tasked to pursue early-stage research in support of advanced manufacturing programs, such as the Manufacturing Innovation Institutes. APPLIED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN SUPPORT OF NANOMANUFACTURING Applied research and development is by definition aimed at creating new systems to address a targeted need.
From page 53...
... advanced manufacturing thru shared contributions of public, private, and academic partners and bridge the gap between research and commercialization. These MMIs and areas of focus include the following: • America Makes -- 3D Printing • Digital Manufacturing and Design Innovation Institute • LIFT: Lightweight Innovations for Tomorrow -- metals • AIM: Photonics -- end-to-end integrated photonics • PowerAmerica -- wide bandgap semiconductors • Institute of Advanced Composites Manufacturing Innovation • NEXTFLEX -- Flexible Hybrid Electronics Manufacturing Institute • Revolutionary Fibers and Textiles • Smart Manufacturing: Advanced Sensors, Controls, Platforms and Modeling for Manufacturing Additional institutes are pending.
From page 54...
... nanomanufacturing research needed to enable the roadmaps and goals of current advanced manufacturing programs, in particular the existing Manufacturing Innovation Institutes. Recommendation 3.3b: The Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technol ogy Subcommittee should form a nanomanufacturing working group to identify nanoscale research needs of advanced manufacturing, coordinate efforts between the NNI and the federal programs focused on advanced manufacture, and foster greater investment by those programs in nano enabled technologies.
From page 55...
... . Other programs that could support nanomanufacturing research and development are the DOD MANTECH programs,19 the Defense-wide Manufacturing Science and Technology Program, the Air Force Research Laboratory Manufacturing and Industrial Technologies program, the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Advanced Manufacturing Program, the DOE Technology Commercialization Fund,20 the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Manufacturing Demonstration Facility,21 and the NASA Space Technology Mission Directorate.
From page 56...
... SOURCE: See the "Defense Production Act Title III" website, maintained by Northrop Grumman Technology Services, Beavercreek, Ohio, http://www.dpatitle3.com/dpa_db/index.php, accessed September 12, 2015. BOX 3.3 Nanocomp Technologies Since 2011, Nanocomp Technologies, Inc., has been awarded approximately $22 million under the Defense Production Act Title III program, supplemented by approximately $9 million in contractor cost share, to supply carbon nanotube yarn, sheet, tape and slurry materials for the Department of Defense (DOD)
From page 57...
... In the absence of established nanomanufacturing facilities in which to ­ xplore e methods, for preclinical studies, complete method validation, or deploy a GMP-based manufacturing scale-up protocol, the start-up has no alternative but do this internally. Clearly, access to manufacturing facilities for scaling up nanomedicines in the amounts necessary for animal testing and preclinical development would accelerate the transition of these novel therapies to proof-of-concept human testing in clinical development.25 With more than 250 nanomedicines in clinical trials, now is the time to expand the study of nanomedicine manufacturing.
From page 58...
... Food and R Drug Administration. 28    cott McNeil, Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory Director, "Critical Infrastructure Gap S in Nanomedicine: Scale Up and cGMP Manufacturing," presentation to the committee on July 29, 2015.
From page 59...
... NCL notwithstanding, there is a ­erious "oppor­unity gap" with respect to the s t ability of developers to move beyond sub-gram quantities of material that are readily produced in an individual laboratory, to the kilogram quantities required for preclinical safety assessments and Phase I clinical trials. Any advantage held by the United States is being challenged, for example, by the European Union's Framework for Research and Innovation Programme, known as "Horizon 2020," which clearly articulates a set of goals that addresses the challenge of scale-up for the generation of nanomedicines.29 The updated NIH/NCI Nanotechnology Cancer Plan released in 2015 includes a section on Commercialization of Nano-Products for Cancer and Manufacturing Challenges of Nano-Products.30 The plan focuses only on the manufacture of nanoparticles, not nanoscale devices or other medical applications of nanotechnology.
From page 60...
... Two reports -- the NCI Cancer Nanotechnology Plan 2015 and the PCAST Report to the President and Congress on the Fifth Assessment of the National Nanotechnology Initiative (Appendix II, Manufacturing Nanomedicine) -- provide a sound basis for NNI focus on this topic.


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