Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative (2016) / Chapter Skim
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4 Physical Infrastructure for Nanotechnology
4 Physical Infrastructure for Nanotechnology
Pages 61-73
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From page 61... ...
This chapter addresses the first element of part B of the committee's statement of task relating to the physical infrastructure required for nanotechnology research, development, and commercialization. Over the 15-year history of the NNI, the strongest agency participation in nanotechnology infrastructure development has come from the Department of Energy (DOE)
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From page 62... ...
NOTE: CNST, Center for Nanoscale Sci ence and Technology; DOC, Depart ent of Commerce; DOE, Department of Energy; HHS, Department m of Health and Human Services; NCI, National Cancer Institute; NCL, Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory; NCN, Network for Computational Nanotechnology; NIH, National Institutes of Health; NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology; NSF, National Science Foundation; NSRC, Nanoscale Science Research Center. SOURCE: Data from NNI, "NNI R&D Centers & Networks," http://www.nano.
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From page 63... ...
; new users in Figure 21; total users on page 9. 3 ational Science Foundation, 2014, "Dear Colleague Letter: Community Input On Future NSF N Nanotechnology Infrastructure Support Program," NSF 14-068, https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2014/ nsf14068/nsf14068.jsp.
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From page 64... ...
The CNST reached more than 2,100 users in 2014, representing 464 unique institutions, including 168 private companies.5 Because industry and academia need access to the latest generation of instrumentation as they try out new processes, procedures, and standards that might be incorporated into a manufacturing capability, NIST includes funds for instrument recapitalization in the CNST budget line. 5 rom F report presented to committee by CNST Director Robert Cellotta.
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From page 65... ...
Recently, DOE merged the electron beam microscopy centers with the NSRCs to further consolidate nanoscale characterization capabilities. The annual user base served by the five DOE NSRCs exceeds 2,000, with nearly 2,800 in combined electron beam center and nanomaterial center users in 20146 from the United States and 45 countries worldwide.7 In addition to access to the physical infrastructure, these user facilities provide online and in-person training for use of the available experimental tools.
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From page 66... ...
Green dots indicate authors of more than 720 scientific publications citing nanoHUB. Dot size corresponds to the number of users, and lines show author-to-author connections proving intense research collaboration networks.
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From page 67... ...
, and the creation of sensors, contrast agents, devices, and hybrid medical products for the treatment of cancer and other diseases.9,10 The development of a large number of these new pharmaceutical entities was made possible and supported by the human and physical infrastructure provided by the NCL. This somewhat unique arrangement has arguably become a major catalyst in the submission to the FDA of standardized information on nanomedicines and devices on which the FDA may make evidence-based regulatory decisions throughout the life cycle of a product (e.g., preclinical–Phase IV)
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From page 68... ...
The merger has the potential for positive impact on the nanomaterials user community. Spe cifically, it enables researchers to submit a single comprehensive research proposal for fabrication and characterization, rather than individual proposals, to separate evaluation boards, thus lowering the burden to researchers and laboratory staff, as well as accelerating the pace of innovation.
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From page 69... ...
Thus, the planning report made strong recommendations that selection preference be given to sites with significant existing infrastructure and established user communities, geographically located for greatest local community impact, and specifically recommended against investment in aberration-corrected electron microscopes. This recommendation was based on the consensus that the level of funding available prevented NNCI from building new nanofabrication centers from the ground up.
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From page 70... ...
In particular, the NNCIs will provide 17 See Report to the National Science Foundation on the Workshop for a Future Nanotechnology Infrastructure Support Program, held August 18-19, 2014, in Arlington, Va., available at https://www. src.org/newsroom/src-in-the-news/2014/656/.
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From page 71... ...
The NCNHIR Consortium seeks to coordinate research efforts among NIEHS grantees with the overarching goals of gaining fundamental understanding on how the physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials influence their interactions with biological systems and to develop computational models to better predict potential health risks associated with nanomaterial exposure. Other health and environmental aspects of nanomaterials are subject to study at various sites, including two centers for the environmental implications of nanoechnology jointly funded by NSF and the Environmental Protection t Agency (EPA)
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From page 72... ...
NIH should expand the Nano technology Characterization Laboratory to address nanomaterials being devel ped for those other medical applications. o Recommendation 4.3b: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the Envi 20 he MOSIS Service, "About Us", https://www.mosis.com/what-is-mosis, accessed August 22, T 2016.
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From page 73... ...
. Thus, a physical infrastructure to serve these integration needs will need to be developed at current and future user facilities.
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