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Appendix D: Number of Years and Percentage of Adult Life Spent Caring for an Older Adult
Pages 301-324

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From page 301...
... definition of caregiving to older adults who meet criteria for severe limitations. GENERAL APPROACH The estimates presented here draw on a widely used life table methodology developed for generating active life expectancy estimates.1 Instead of generating years and percentage of life spent without disability, we use the methodology to calculate years and percentage of life spent caregiving.
From page 302...
... Finally, caregiving rates are combined with the life table estimates to apportion life expectancy into the average number of years and percentage of remaining life expected to be providing care. Additional methodological details are provided in the technical appendix.
From page 303...
... Third, calculations apply current agespecific mortality and caregiving rates to a hypothetical cohort; hence, they are not intended to be forecasts of future experience. The stability of future caregiving rates will depend on a number of factors, including changes in late-life disability and mortality rates, average family size and composition, competing demands from work and family, the availability of formal caregivers, and cultural norms (Stone, 2015)
From page 304...
... and received assistance in the prior month with self-care or mobility activities (eating, bathing, dressing, or toileting; getting out of bed; getting around inside; getting outside) or household activities (doing laundry, shopping for groceries or personal items, making hot meals, handling bills and banking, and keeping track of medications)
From page 305...
... and received assistance in the prior month with self-care or mobility activities (eating, bathing, dressing, or toileting; getting out of bed; getting around inside; getting outside) or household activities (doing laundry, shopping for groceries or personal items, making hot meals, handling bills and banking, and keeping track of medications)
From page 306...
... 306 FAMILIES CARING FOR AN AGING AMERICA On average, 2.4 years -- or nearly half of the years spent providing care to an older adult (2.4/5.1 years) -- is spent providing care to an older adult with severe limitations, defined as receiving help with two or more activities of daily living or having probable dementia (second to last column of Table D-2)
From page 307...
... NHATS participants were eligible for NSOC if they lived in the community or residential care settings other than nursing homes and received assistance in the past month with self-care or mobility activities (bathing, dressing, eating, toileting, getting out of bed, getting around inside, and going outside) or household activities (doing laundry, shopping for groceries or personal items, making hot meals, handling bills and banking, and keeping track of medications)
From page 308...
... . Of the 2,007 caregivers interviewed in NSOC, we excluded 11 respondents who did not provide care in the past month (according to NSOC)
From page 309...
... The latter assumption should have minimal influence on the confidence intervals because the CPS relies on large sample sizes and produces point estimates very similar to the population counts from the 2010 Census. Life Table Calculations.
From page 310...
... c Caregivingncx SEncx Caregivers to Older Adults with One or More Activity Limitations All 20-29 0.039 0.0065 694,673 42,907 0.016 0.0029 30-39 0.060 0.0077 1,066,180 39,457 0.027 0.0039 40-49 0.163 0.0127 2,886,054 42,576 0.068 0.0068 50-59 0.269 0.0154 4,761,929 41,519 0.115 0.0097 60-69 0.250 0.0141 4,422,162 29,590 0.149 0.0126 70-79 0.148 0.0105 2,615,696 16,342 0.160 0.0152 80+ 0.069 0.0071 1,225,864 10,676 0.115 0.0137 Men 20-29 0.047 0.0130 321,344 21,877 0.015 0.0041 30-39 0.060 0.0124 405,133 19,609 0.021 0.0045 40-49 0.153 0.0213 1,032,939 20,972 0.049 0.0075 50-59 0.241 0.0182 1,632,888 20,194 0.081 0.0079 60-69 0.231 0.0191 1,563,215 14,047 0.111 0.0115 70-79 0.172 0.0176 1,162,429 7,307 0.159 0.0191 80+ 0.097 0.0137 654,311 4,174 0.157 0.0243 Women 20-29 0.034 0.0072 372,848 21,029 0.018 0.0040 30-39 0.061 0.0091 661,076 19,848 0.033 0.0056 40-49 0.170 0.0149 1,853,752 21,604 0.086 0.0099
From page 311...
... c SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau 2011 Current Population Survey.
From page 312...
... severe limitations II aSee text for definition of severe limitations. SOURCE: 2011 National Study of Caregiving linked to the National Health and Aging Trends Study.
From page 313...
... caregivers providing care to an older adult with activity limitations. Findings regarding percentage of life spent caregiving are consistent with calculations using 10-year and 5-year age groups.
From page 314...
... nq x lx nd x nL x Tx ex All 20-29 0.00909 100,000 909 995,570 5,939,745 59.4 30-39 0.01237 99,091 1,226 985,124 4,944,175 49.9 40-49 0.02586 97,865 2,531 967,442 3,959,051 40.5 50-59 0.05859 95,334 5,586 927,774 2,991,609 31.4 60-69 0.12054 89,748 10,819 848,067 2,063,835 23.0 70-79 0.26747 78,930 21,111 692,193 1,215,768 15.4 80+ 1.00000 57,819 57,819 523,575 523,575 9.1 Men 20-29 0.01303 100,000 1,303 993,590 5,702,801 57.0 30-39 0.01602 98,697 1,582 979,388 4,709,211 47.7 40-49 0.03189 97,116 3,097 957,437 3,729,823 38.4 50-59 0.07367 94,019 6,927 908,627 2,772,386 29.5 60-69 0.14668 87,092 12,775 812,035 1,863,759 21.4 70-79 0.31301 74,317 23,262 635,119 1,051,724 14.2 80+ 1.00000 51,055 51,055 416,606 416,606 8.2
From page 315...
... Women 20-29 0.00502 100,000 502 997,625 6,166,526 61.7 30-39 0.00872 99,498 867 991,009 5,168,900 51.9 40-49 0.01992 98,631 1,964 977,617 4,177,891 42.4 50-59 0.04409 96,666 4,262 947,025 3,200,274 33.1 60-69 0.09625 92,405 8,894 883,977 2,253,249 24.4 70-79 0.22886 83,510 19,112 748,357 1,369,272 16.4 80+ 1.00000 64,399 64,399 620,914 620,914 9.6 SOURCE: Based on National Center for Health Statistics (Arias, 2014)
From page 316...
... nL x T cx ecx ecx – 1.96 SE ecx + 1.96 SE ecx/ex* 100 Caregivers to Older Adults with One or More Activity Limitations All 20-29 0.016 0.0029 16,118 512,379 5.1 4.7 5.5 8.6 30-39 0.027 0.0039 26,619 496,260 5.0 4.6 5.4 10.0 40-49 0.068 0.0068 65,579 469,641 4.8 4.4 5.2 11.9 50-59 0.115 0.0097 106,409 404,062 4.2 3.8 4.6 13.5 60-69 0.149 0.0126 126,742 297,653 3.3 3.0 3.7 14.4 70-79 0.160 0.0152 110,792 170,911 2.2 1.8 2.5 14.1 80+ 0.115 0.0137 60,119 60,119 1.0 0.8 1.3 11.5 Men 20-29 0.015 0.0041 14,595 412,169 4.1 3.7 4.5 7.2 30-39 0.021 0.0045 20,235 397,574 4.0 3.6 4.5 8.4 40-49 0.049 0.0075 47,157 377,339 3.9 3.5 4.3 10.1 50-59 0.081 0.0079 73,472 330,183 3.5 3.1 3.9 11.9 60-69 0.111 0.0115 90,367 256,711 2.9 2.5 3.4 13.8 70-79 0.159 0.0191 101,037 166,344 2.2 1.8 2.7 15.8 80+ 0.157 0.0243 65,307 65,307 1.3 0.9 1.7 15.7 Women 20-29 0.018 0.0040 17,688 610,949 6.1 5.5 6.7 9.9 30-39 0.033 0.0056 33,007 593,261 6.0 5.4 6.5 11.5
From page 317...
... Standard errors of ecx calculated in Table D-7.
From page 318...
... Caregivers to Older Adults with One or More Activity Limitations All 20-29 8,245,389 422,867,873 0.0423 0.2056 30-39 14,497,857 414,622,484 0.0422 0.2055 40-49 42,859,716 400,124,627 0.0418 0.2044 50-59 81,257,655 357,264,911 0.0393 0.1983 60-69 113,761,156 276,007,256 0.0343 0.1851 70-79 110,473,754 162,246,101 0.0260 0.1614 80+ 51,772,346 51,772,346 0.0155 0.1244 Men 20-29 16,878,542 477,271,264 0.0477 0.2185 30-39 19,250,239 460,392,722 0.0473 0.2174 40-49 52,148,957 441,142,483 0.0468 0.2163 50-59 51,880,478 388,993,526 0.0440 0.2098 60-69 87,830,250 337,113,048 0.0444 0.2108 70-79 147,189,970 249,282,798 0.0451 0.2125 80+ 102,092,828 102,092,828 0.0392 0.1979 Women 20-29 15,681,031 896,191,523 0.0896 0.2994 30-39 30,630,022 880,510,492 0.0889 0.2982 40-49 93,628,007 849,880,470 0.0874 0.2956 50-59 218,740,540 756,252,464 0.0809 0.2845 60-69 264,412,916 537,511,924 0.0630 0.2509 70-79 183,393,283 273,099,007 0.0392 0.1979 80+ 89,705,725 89,705,725 0.0216 0.1471 Caregivers to Older Adults with Severe Limitationsa 20-29 4,663,542 202,510,852 0.0203 0.1423 30-39 7,780,073 197,847,310 0.0201 0.1419 40-49 22,544,727 190,067,237 0.0198 0.1409 50-59 40,499,527 167,522,510 0.0184 0.1358 60-69 56,232,746 127,022,983 0.0158 0.1256 70-79 37,938,610 70,790,237 0.0114 0.1066 80+ 32,851,627 32,851,627 0.0098 0.0991
From page 319...
... Caregivers to Older Adults with Severe Limitations for 3 or More Monthsa 20-29 3,863,784 166,956,322 0.0167 0.1292 30-39 8,135,709 163,092,538 0.0166 0.1289 40-49 18,001,446 154,956,829 0.0162 0.1272 50-59 32,703,580 136,955,383 0.0151 0.1228 60-69 43,504,373 104,251,803 0.0129 0.1138 70-79 29,781,218 60,747,430 0.0098 0.0987 80+ 30,966,212 30,966,212 0.0093 0.0962 a See text for definition of severe limitations. SOURCE: nLx and lx calculated in Table D-5; SE(ncx)
From page 320...
... c Caregiving ncx SE ncx All Caregivers to Older Adults with One or More Activity Limitations 20-24 0.022 0.0045 389,830 21,525 0.018 0.0038 25-29 0.017 0.0050 304,841 21,382 0.014 0.0043 30-34 0.022 0.0046 380,769 20,202 0.019 0.0042 35-39 0.039 0.0066 685,411 19,255 0.036 0.0065 40-44 0.055 0.0077 972,874 20,587 0.047 0.0072 45-49 0.108 0.0092 1,913,182 21,989 0.087 0.0092 50-54 0.135 0.0123 2,392,492 21,965 0.109 0.0120 55-59 0.134 0.0091 2,369,438 19,554 0.121 0.0112 60-64 0.141 0.0109 2,493,034 17,430 0.143 0.0142 65-69 0.109 0.0085 1,929,126 12,160 0.159 0.0159 70-74 0.081 0.0081 1,423,617 9,254 0.154 0.0182 75-79 0.067 0.0072 1,192,079 7,088 0.168 0.0208 80-84 0.041 0.0058 716,348 5,719 0.125 0.0196 85+ 0.029 0.0042 509,516 4,957 0.103 0.0163 a See text for formula for calculating Standard Errors. b SOURCE: 2011 National Study of Caregiving linked to the National Health and Aging Trends Study.
From page 321...
... TABLE D-9  Abridged Life Table Calculations, Adults Ages 20 and Older, 2010: 5-Year Age Groups Total Probability Number Person- Number of of Dying Dying Years Lived Person  Between Number Between Between Years Lived Expectation Age Ages x to Surviving to Ages x to Ages x to Above of Life at (years) x+n   Age x   x+n   x+n   Age x   Age x nq x lx nd x nL x Tx ex All 20-24 0.00432 100,000 432 498,921 5,939,745 59.4 25-29 0.00479 99,568 477 496,649 5,440,824 54.6 30-34 0.00550 99,091 545 494,095 4,944,175 49.9 35-39 0.00691 98,547 681 491,030 4,450,081 45.2 40-44 0.00998 97,865 977 486,885 3,959,051 40.5 45-49 0.01604 96,889 1,555 480,557 3,472,166 35.8 50-54 0.02434 95,334 2,321 470,869 2,991,609 31.4 55-59 0.03511 93,013 3,265 456,904 2,520,739 27.1 60-64 0.04985 89,748 4,474 437,557 2,063,835 23.0 65-69 0.07441 85,275 6,345 410,510 1,626,278 19.1 70-74 0.11232 78,930 8,865 372,485 1,215,768 15.4 75-79 0.17478 70,065 12,246 319,708 843,283 12.0 80-84 0.27438 57,819 15,864 249,432 523,575 9.1 85+ 1.00000 41,954 41,954 274,143 274,143 6.5 SOURCE: Based on National Center for Health Statistics (Arias, 2014)
From page 322...
... nL x T cx ecx ecx – 1.96 SE ecx + 1.96 SE ecx/ex* 100 All Caregivers to Older Adults with One or More Activity Limitations 20-24 0.018 0.0038 9,036 512,585 5.1 4.8 5.5 8.6 25-29 0.014 0.0043 7,081 503,549 5.1 4.7 5.4 9.3 30-34 0.019 0.0042 9,313 496,468 5.0 4.7 5.4 10.0 35-39 0.036 0.0065 17,479 487,156 4.9 4.6 5.3 10.9 40-44 0.047 0.0072 23,009 469,677 4.8 4.4 5.1 11.9 45-49 0.087 0.0092 41,812 446,668 4.6 4.3 5.0 12.9 50-54 0.109 0.0120 51,288 404,857 4.2 3.9 4.6 13.5 55-59 0.121 0.0112 55,365 353,568 3.8 3.5 4.1 14.0 60-64 0.143 0.0142 62,584 298,203 3.3 3.0 3.6 14.4 65-69 0.159 0.0159 65,125 235,619 2.8 2.5 3.1 14.5 70-74 0.154 0.0182 57,302 170,493 2.2 1.9 2.4 14.0 75-79 0.168 0.0208 53,769 113,191 1.6 1.4 1.9 13.4 80-84 0.125 0.0196 31,243 59,422 1.0 0.8 1.3 11.3 85+ 0.103 0.0163 28,178 28,178 0.7 0.5 0.9 10.3 SOURCE: Caregiving rates ncx and standard errors SE (ncx)
From page 323...
... 2013a. Classification of persons by demen tia status in the National Health and Aging Trends Study.
From page 324...
... . National Health and Aging Trends Study.


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