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Appendix C: Risk Determinants Literature Search Strategy
Pages 439-540

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From page 439... ... were adopted. The EAACI search strategies were developed to identify all randomized controlled trials, quasi-randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, controlled before-and-after studies, interrupted time series studies, and prospective cohort studies that were primarily concerned with preventing sensitization to food(s) Read the entire page →
From page 440... ... Summary tables for the systematic reviews and studies selected for the evidence-based review are included in Tables C2-C6. Read the entire page →
From page 441... ... b. Primary Studies: EAACI Search Strategy 1 exp food hypersensitivity/ or exp egg hypersensitivity/ or exp milk hypersensitivity/ or exp nut hypersensitivity/ or exp peanut hypersensitivity/ or exp wheat hypersensitivity/ 2 (food$ adj2 (allergy$ or hypersensitivity) Read the entire page →
From page 442... ... 13 controlled clinical trial.pt. 14 randomized.ab. Read the entire page →
From page 443... ... .ab. not (controlled clinical trial or randomized controlled trial) Read the entire page →
From page 444... ... 444 FINDING A PATH TO SAFETY IN FOOD ALLERGY TABLE C-1 Continued Search Number Search Terms 7 Hepatitis A/ or exp Hepatitis B/ 8 hepatitis.mp, 9 exp Herpes Simplex/ or herpes simplex.mp, 10 exp Rubella/ or rubella.mp, 11 exp Helicobacter pylori/ or helicobacter pylori.mp, 12 exp Tuberculosis/ or tuberculosis.mp, 13 exp Mycobacterium bovis/ 14 exp Helminthiasis/ 15 helminthiasis.mp, 16 exp Helminths/ 17 helminths.mp, 18 exp Necator americanus/ 19 Necator americanus.mp, 20 exp Trichuris/ or trichuris.mp, 21 exp Ascaris lumbricoides/ or Ascaris lumbricoides.mp, 22 exp Schistosomiasis/ or Schistosomiasis.mp, 23 exp Enterobius/ 24 enterobius vermicularis.mp, 25 exp Bacterial Infections/ 26 bacterial infection* .mp, 27 or/1-26 28 hygiene/ or skin care/ 29 hygiene.mp, 30 hygiene hypothesis.mp, 31 exp Anthroposophy/ 32 anthroposoph* Read the entire page →
From page 445... ... APPENDIX C 445 TABLE C-1 Continued Search Number Search Terms 40 agriculture/ or animal husbandry/ 41 agriculture.mp, 42 farming.mp, 43 farms.mp, 44 farm.mp, 45 Animals, Domestic/ 46 pets.mp, 47 pet.mp, 48 Cats/ 49 cats.mp, 50 cat.mp, 51 Dogs/ 52 dog.mp, 53 dogs.mp, 54 exp Endotoxins/ 55 endotoxin* .mp, 56 exp Probiotics/ 57 probiotic* Read the entire page →
From page 446... ... milk.mp, 80 un-homogeni* milk.mp, 81 or/28-80 82 27 or 81 83 exp food hypersensitivity/ or exp egg hypersensitivity/ or exp milk hypersensitivity/ or exp nut hypersensitivity/ or exp peanut hypersensitivity/ or exp wheat hypersensitivity/ 84 (food$ adj2 (allergy$ or hypersensitivity) Read the entire page →
From page 447... ... levels, and • Self-reported food allergies or sensitizations. Study designs of interest: • Systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis • Randomized controlled trials • Quasi-randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials (defined as studies where the comparison group is not fully randomized) Read the entire page →
From page 448... ... Systematic Reviews Searches: Primary Studies Searches: Citations identified in Medline and Citations identified in Medline, Cochrane Systematic Review EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science Database published between January published between January 2012 2010 and September 2015 and September 2015 (n=387) Read the entire page →
From page 450... ... NOTE: BF = breastfed; CI = confidence interval; GI = gastrointestinal; OFC = oral food challenge. a Bold indicates statistical significance at P<0.05. Read the entire page →
From page 451... ... Allergic reactions only. Duration and food allergy (not to cow milk: 1/51 exclusivity of BF were defined) Read the entire page →
From page 452... ... 452 FINDING A PATH TO SAFETY IN FOOD ALLERGY TABLE C-2b Microbial Exposure Hypothesis (Observational Studies) Age When Study Design, Outcome Was Author Year Country Population N Ascertained Prebiotics/Probiotics Loo et al., 2014 Long-term Asian infants at 226 3-5 years follow-up of a risk for allergic RCT, Singapore disease West et al., 2013 Long-term Healthy, term 121 8-9 years follow-up of an infants with no RCT, Sweden prior allergic manifestations Route of Delivery McGowan et al., Prospective Children from 516 1-5 years 2015 cohort, the Urban Baltimore, Environment Boston, New and Childhood York City, St. Read the entire page →
From page 453... ... . Control: Cow milk formula supplemented without probiotics (N=109) Read the entire page →
From page 454... ... 454 FINDING A PATH TO SAFETY IN FOOD ALLERGY TABLE C-2b Continued Age When Study Design, Outcome Was Author Year Country Population N Ascertained Peters et al., Prospective Infants from 5,276 1 year 2015 cohort, the HealthNuts Australia study Grimshaw et al., Prospective Cases: all infants 123 (41 with 1-2 years 2014 nested case- with food food allergy; control study, allergy by age 82 controls) UK of 2 years from the Prevalence of Infant Food Allergy (PIFA) Read the entire page →
From page 455... ... , comparing to no allergic disease at baseline. Food allergy Birth by caesarean 31.7% versus Unadjusted analysis determined by SPT, section (cases 24.4%; P=0.255 except for pet physical exam, versus controls) Read the entire page →
From page 456... ... 456 FINDING A PATH TO SAFETY IN FOOD ALLERGY TABLE C-2b Continued Age When Study Design, Outcome Was Author Year Country Population N Ascertained Depner et al., Prospective Children from 686 Birth to 1 year 2013 cohort, Austria, the Protection Finland, against Allergy France, Study in Rural Germany, Environments Switzerland (PASTURE) birth cohort Pele et al., 2013 Prospective Respondents 1,487 2 years cohort, France to the 2-year follow-up FFQ of the PELAGIE mother–child cohort study Pyrhonen et al., Retrospective Children 3,181 1-4 years 2013 cohort study, identified from Finland the South Karelian Allergy Research Project (SKARP) Read the entire page →
From page 457... ... 793 (378 farm and allergens (hen egg, 415 nonfarm) children cow milk, peanut, were included in the hazlenut, carrot, analyses, of whom 686 wheat flour) Read the entire page →
From page 458... ... Antibiotics Use Grimshaw et al., Prospective Cases: all infants 123 (41 with 1-2 years 2014 nested case- with food allergy food allergy; control study, by age of 2 years 82 controls) UK from the PIFA study Controls: age matched controls from the PIFA study Read the entire page →
From page 459... ... allergic reactions Unadjusted analysis and a confirmed results only. presence of food allergies documented by either a positive serum specific IgE test or positive SPT Food allergy Maternal antibiotic No significant Unadjusted analysis determined by SPT, use (cases versus associations except for pet physical exam, controls) Read the entire page →
From page 460... ... Dowhower Retrospective Cases: children 99 case; 192 No data Karpa et al., case-control visiting an controls 2012 study, US allergy specialty clinic for a food allergy related concern who were also born at the institution's medical center. Age-and sex matched controls: children visiting primary care practice who were also born at the institution's medical center. Read the entire page →
From page 461... ... cow milk allergy pregnancy based on clinical (2) Maternal use of exam, symptoms, antibiotics during elimination diet, pregnancy (2) Read the entire page →
From page 462... ... 462 FINDING A PATH TO SAFETY IN FOOD ALLERGY TABLE C-2b Continued Age When Study Design, Outcome Was Author Year Country Population N Ascertained Exposure to Animals Martin et al., Prospective Infants from 4,453 (2,795 1 year 2015 cohort, the HealthNuts without Australia study eczema; 1,903 with eczema) Peters et al., Prospective Infants from 5,276 1 year 2015 cohort, the HealthNuts Australia study Read the entire page →
From page 463... ... , allergies - peanut: and multiple 0.82 (0.44-1.54) food allergies Multiple food predominantly egg allergies - egg: 0.39 (2% of the cohort) Read the entire page →
From page 464... ... Depner et al., Prospective Children from 686 Birth to 1 year 2013 cohort, Austria, the Protection Finland, against France, PASTURE birth Germany, cohort Switzerland Goldberg et al., Prospective Cases: IgE- 66 cases 2-3 years 2013 case-cohort cow milk 156 controls study, Israel allergy children identified from a cohort study (Katz, 2010) Controls: healthy children randomly chosen from the cohort Read the entire page →
From page 465... ... IgE-mediated Pets in home (cases 26.2% versus Unadjusted analysis. cow milk allergy versus controls) Read the entire page →
From page 466... ... Results were reported as odds ratio (95% confidence interval) unless otherwise noted. Read the entire page →
From page 467... ... : no) younger at the birth 37 had a medical of the child, less diagnosis of cow educated, and more milk allergy, 41 a likely to smoke. Read the entire page →
From page 468... ... Infant Formula Lowe et al., RCT, Australia Infants with a 620 6, 12, and 24 2011 family history months of allergic disease NOTE: BF = breastfed; CI = confidence interval; GI = gastrointestinal; pHWF = partially hydrolyzed whey formula. a Bold indicates statistical significance at P<0.05. Read the entire page →
From page 469... ... pHWF, or cow milk milk within first 2 formula at cessation years: of breastfeeding pHWF versus CMF: 0.79 (0.35-1.77) Soy formula versus CMF: 0.78 (0.32-1.92) Read the entire page →
From page 470... ... et al., 2014 cohort, US pairs in the mother–child Project Viva pairs prebirth cohort recruited from a large multidisciplinary practice Read the entire page →
From page 471... ... Food allergy to (1) peanut Second trimester peanut was more (2) Read the entire page →
From page 472... ... 472 FINDING A PATH TO SAFETY IN FOOD ALLERGY TABLE C-3b Continued Age When Study Design, Outcome Was Author, Year Country Population N Ascertained Frazier et al., Prospective Boys and girls 8,205 Unclear 2014 cohort, US (born between mother–child 1990 and 1994) pairs participating in the Growing Up Today Study 2 (GUTS2) Read the entire page →
From page 473... ... Only 45% of the of food allergy (2) 1-3 servings/ dietary questionnaires diagnosis, review of month were completed during physical copies of the pregnancy; 76% laboratory results (3) Read the entire page →
From page 474... ... 474 FINDING A PATH TO SAFETY IN FOOD ALLERGY TABLE C-3b Continued Age When Study Design, Outcome Was Author, Year Country Population N Ascertained Pele et al., Prospective Respondents 1,500 2 years 2013 cohort, France to the 2-year mother–child follow-up FFQ pairs of the PELAGIE mother–child cohort study Read the entire page →
From page 475... ... children (N=136) : consumption of were younger at the 37 had a medical fish (<1 time/month birth of the child, diagnosis of cow versus 1-4 times/ less educated, and milk allergy, 41 a month) Read the entire page →
From page 476... ... 476 FINDING A PATH TO SAFETY IN FOOD ALLERGY TABLE C-3b Continued Age When Study Design, Outcome Was Author, Year Country Population N Ascertained Breastfeeding McGowan et Prospective Children from 516 1-5 years al., 2015 cohort, the Urban Baltimore, Environment Boston, New and Childhood York City, St. Asthma Louis (URECA) Read the entire page →
From page 477... ... ; P=0.18 Food sensitization versus no food sensitization: 64/286 (25.1%) versus 48/230 (23.4%) Read the entire page →
From page 478... ... 478 FINDING A PATH TO SAFETY IN FOOD ALLERGY TABLE C-3b Continued Age When Study Design, Outcome Was Author, Year Country Population N Ascertained Peters et al., Prospective Infants from 5,276 1 year 2015 cohort, the HealthNuts Australia study Grimshaw et Prospective Cases: all 123 (41 with 1-2 years al., 2013 nested case- infants with food allergy; control study, food allergy 82 controls) UK by age of 2 years from the Prevalence of Infant Food Allergy (PIFA) Read the entire page →
From page 479... ... : 1.17 determine risk factors food allergies (1.09-1.24) for each class, also predominantly weighted for posterior peanut (3% probabilities of class of the cohort) Read the entire page →
From page 480... ... 480 FINDING A PATH TO SAFETY IN FOOD ALLERGY TABLE C-3b Continued Age When Study Design, Outcome Was Author, Year Country Population N Ascertained Liao et al., Prospective Infants ≥37 258 (238, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 2014 cohort, weeks from the 226, 217, 36 months Taiwan The Prediction 210, and 198 of Allergy in completed Taiwanese 6, 12, 18, Children 24, and 36 (PATCH) cohort months of follow-ups) Read the entire page →
From page 481... ... Cow milk greater than 0.35 sensitization: There IU/ml. was a trend of reduced risk for cow milk protein sensitization as duration of partial breastfeeding was increased; the result was not statistically significant continued Read the entire page →
From page 482... ... with atopic dermatitis seen consecutively at multi disciplinary clinics from May 2002 to December 2008 Read the entire page →
From page 483... ... parity, type of delivery, of food allergy (reference group) Exclusive BF ≥4 family history of at age 6 years) Read the entire page →
From page 484... ... a Bold indicates statistical significance at P<0.05. Results were reported as odds ratio (95% confidence interval) Read the entire page →
From page 485... ... APPENDIX C 485 Food Allergy or Sensitization Odds Ratioa Outcome (95% CI) of Definition Exposure Food Allergy Comments Food allergy ever Duration of BF (up 0.88 (0.82-0.95) Read the entire page →
From page 486... ... 486 FINDING A PATH TO SAFETY IN FOOD ALLERGY TABLE C-4a Dual Antigen Hypothesis (Randomized Controlled Trials) Age When Study Design, Outcome Was Author, Year Country Population N Ascertained Timing of Introduction of Solid Foods and Infant Feeding DuToit et al., RCT, UK Children, 628 72 months 2016 (follow-up to median age 61.3 primary trial months, who [DuToit et al., had completed 2015] Read the entire page →
From page 487... ... group: 4.8% P<0.001 DBPCOFC Early Introduction Intention to Treat Low adherence to (peanut, cooked Group (EIG) : early Analysis the protocol in the egg, cow milk, introduction of 6 • Food allergy EIG (42.8%) Read the entire page →
From page 488... ... 488 FINDING A PATH TO SAFETY IN FOOD ALLERGY TABLE C-4a Continued Age When Study Design, Outcome Was Author, Year Country Population N Ascertained DuToit et al., RCT, UK Infants, age least 640 60 months 2015 4 months and less than 11 months at enrollment with severe eczema, egg allergy, or both Read the entire page →
From page 489... ... APPENDIX C 489 Food Allergy or Sensitization Odds Ratioa Outcome (95% CI) of Definition Exposure Food Allergy Comments Clinical history, Peanut intake Prevalence of peanut SPT, OFC, (avoidance versus allergy at 60 months: DBPCOFC, sIgE consumption) Read the entire page →
From page 490... ... who had begun solids before 4 months of age or who had any previous known direct ingestion of egg were excluded NOTE: CI = confidence interval; EIG = Early Introduction Group; IgE = immunoglobulin E; OFC = oral food challenge; SIG = Standard Introduction Group; sIgE = food-specific serum IgE; SPT = skin prick test; UK = United Kingdom; US = United States. a Bold indicates statistical significance at P<0.05. Read the entire page →
From page 491... ... APPENDIX C 491 Food Allergy or Sensitization Odds Ratioa Outcome (95% CI) of Definition Exposure Food Allergy Comments IgE-mediated egg 1 teaspoon of RR: 0.65 (0.38-1.11) Read the entire page →
From page 492... ... a Bold indicates statistical significance at P<0.05. Results were reported as odds ratio (95% confidence interval) Read the entire page →
From page 493... ... 1.85 1.02-3.35 farmer, parents with sIgE (hen egg, cow of life (3) 1 allergy, sex, breastmilk, peanut, (1) Read the entire page →
From page 494... ... Vitamin D Koplin et al., Prospective Infants 5,276 1 year 2016 cohort, participating in Australia the HealthNuts study Baek et al., Cross- Children with 226 3-24 months 2014 sectional, atopic Korea dermatitis or suspected food allergy, who had not been on vitamin supplementation for at least 1 month before the study Read the entire page →
From page 495... ... D3 Deficient versus sufficient Vitamin D acute reaction deficiency increased + sIgE ≥0.35 Deficiency: <20ng/ Food allergens: 5.0 the risk of kU/L or >95% mL (1.8-14.1) sensitization to food predictive allergens, especially decision points Insufficiency: Milk: 10.4 (3.3-32.7) Read the entire page →
From page 496... ... 496 FINDING A PATH TO SAFETY IN FOOD ALLERGY TABLE C-5 Continued Age When Study Design, Outcome Was Author, Year Country Population N Ascertained Norizoe et al., Longitudinal Infants with 164 3-24 months 2014 Study, Japan facial eczema and their mothers Wawro et al., Cross- Samples from 2,815 10 years 2014 sectional, two German Germany birth cohort studies Allen et al., Cross- Infants from 5,276 1 year 2013 sectional, HealthNuts Australia population-based cohort Read the entire page →
From page 497... ... Vitamin D diagnosed D (800 IU/day) supplementation allergic supplement may not decrease incidents, the severity of including infantile eczema at atopic 3 months of age, dermatitis, but may rather food allergy increase the risk of with or later food allergy up without being to 2 years of age. Read the entire page →
From page 498... ... 498 FINDING A PATH TO SAFETY IN FOOD ALLERGY TABLE C-5 Continued Age When Study Design, Outcome Was Author, Year Country Population N Ascertained Liu et al., Prospective Children in the 460 0-3 years 2013 longitudinal Boston Birth cohort study, cohort US Weisse et al., Prospective Mother–child 378 First 2 years 2013 longitudinal pairs from the cohort study, Lifestyle and Germany environmental factors and their Influence on Newborns Allergy risk (LINA) cohort study Read the entire page →
From page 499... ... breastfeeding, UV sIgE >0.35 kU/l Cord blood intensity at birth vitamin D 1st year of life: and vitamin D Median = 10.95 0.92 (0.45–1.85) supplementation ng/ml (27.33 within the first year nmol/ml) Read the entire page →
From page 500... ... 500 FINDING A PATH TO SAFETY IN FOOD ALLERGY TABLE C-5 Continued Age When Study Design, Outcome Was Author, Year Country Population N Ascertained Jones et al., Prospective High-risk infants 231 12 months 2012 longitudinal cohort study, Australia Liu et al., Prospective Mother-infant 649 children Around 2 years 2011 longitudinal pairs in the birth cohort, Boston Birth US Cohort Lipids/Omega-3 Fatty Acids (see systematic reviews below) Folate Okupa et al., Cohort study, Children at 138 2, 4, 6, and 8 2013 US high risk of years developing asthma and allergic disease Read the entire page →
From page 501... ... soy, shrimp, 25(OH) D walnut, cod concentrations Any food sensitization: fish, and (<11 ng/ml = 1.16 (0.83-1.63) Read the entire page →
From page 502... ... 502 FINDING A PATH TO SAFETY IN FOOD ALLERGY TABLE C-5 Continued Age When Study Design, Outcome Was Author, Year Country Population N Ascertained Dunstan et al., Prospective Pregnant 628 women 12 months 2012 cohort, women (healthy Australia nonsmokers with 484 infants uncomplicated term pregnancies) Magdelijns et Prospective Children in the 2,834 2 years al., 2011 birth KOALA birth cohort, the cohort Netherlands Read the entire page →
From page 503... ... 50.3-75.1 nmol/l All ORs adjusted for (3) >75.1 nmol/l maternal allergy and infant postnatal diet sIgE (hen egg, Folic acid Folic acid supplement use Allergic sensitization cow supplement use versus no use (reference) Read the entire page →
From page 504... ... Results were reported as odds ratio (95% confidence interval) unless otherwise noted. Read the entire page →
From page 505... ... paternal history as a history during pregnancy 0.38 (0.11-1.27) of allergic disease, of immediate (1) Read the entire page →
From page 506... ... Literature search dates or Inception to July 30, 2015 year range Number of food allergy 3 RCTs (based on SPT) studies included Synthesis methods Summary tables and meta-analysis Read the entire page →
From page 507... ... Limitations • his systematic review did not focus on food allergy. T • ixed effect meta-analysis ignores clinical heterogeneity F (e.g., different doses of n-3 fatty acids) Read the entire page →
From page 508... ... • xclusions: Studies of hydrolyzed formula of milk other E than cow milk, such as hydrolyzed rice, goat milk, or soy formula. Study designs of interest: All intervention trials. Read the entire page →
From page 509... ... No difference was found in food allergy to cow milk, egg, or (partially hydrolyzed formula only) peanut. Read the entire page →
From page 510... ... Study eligibility criteria According to the evidence profiles table, the study eligibility criteria can be assumed to be: • opulation: healthy infants P • ntervention: prebiotic supplementation I • omparison: no prebiotic supplementation C • ain outcomes: development of allergy, nutritional status, M adverse effects • etting: outpatient S Literature search dates or Up to January 2015, with an update on July 29, 2015 year range Number of food allergy 1 studies included Synthesis methods GRADE approach Key findings Outcome Without With Difference Relative Certainty prebiotics prebiotics (95% CI) effect of the (per (per (per 1,000) Read the entire page →
From page 511... ... Yes Duplicate study selection and data extraction? Not reported Comprehensive literature search? Read the entire page →
From page 512... ... • rowth patterns G • eurological development N • isual function V • ognitive development C • utism A • earning disorders L • DHD A • topic dermatitis A • llergies (Note: including food allergies) A • espiratory illness R Study eligibility criteria Populations of interest: • ealthy preterm or term infants of healthy women/mothers H whose n-3 fatty acid exposures were monitored during pregnancy. Read the entire page →
From page 513... ... Timing of interest: • nterventions implemented within 1 month of birth or I exposures measured within 1 month of birth • ollow-up duration is 0 to 18 years F Literature search dates or Update searches were from the year 2000. For the newly added year range topics (e.g., allergies) Read the entire page →
From page 514... ... Y Comprehensive literature search? Y/N (The search strategy was not designed to specifically for food allergies outcomes because "food allergies" were not one of the pre specified outcomes of interest) Read the entire page →
From page 515... ... Literature search dates or From inception to December 2014 year range Number of food allergy 6 RCTs [Note: some RCTs contributed data for more than one studies included meta-analysis.] Synthesis methods Narrative text, meta-analysis, and GRADE continued Read the entire page →
From page 516... ... Food allergy, 167 (2 ●○○○ 1.7 Study follow-up: range, RCTs) Read the entire page →
From page 517... ... Y Characteristics of included provided? Y – Table E3 and online repository Scientific quality of the included studies assessed and reported? Read the entire page →
From page 518... ... Study eligibility criteria Inclusion criteria: • ypes of studies: RCTs focusing on n-3 LCPUFA T supplementation of pregnant and/or breasfeeding women (compared with placebo or no treatment) and assessed allergy outcomes of the infants or children. Read the entire page →
From page 519... ... Y Duplicate study selection and data extraction? Y Comprehensive literature search? Read the entire page →
From page 520... ... Literature search dates or The following databases were searched: Cochrane Library, year range MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, ISI Web of Science, TRIP Database, and Clinicaltrials.gov from inception to September 30, 2012 Number of food allergy 74 studies included Synthesis methods Narrative synthesis and summary tables Read the entire page →
From page 521... ... Extensively hydrolyzed whey or casein formula and partially hydrolyzed formula may have a protective effect, but it appears that soy formula does not protect against food allergies. • robiotics do not seem to be protective in infants at high P or normal risk, and neither does delaying the introduction of solid foods until later than the recommended minimum weaning age. Read the entire page →
From page 522... ... • utcome of interest: Incidence of food allergy diseases. O Literature search dates or Last search conducted September 30, 2013 year range Number of food allergy 10 studies included Synthesis methods Meta-analysis Key findings • otal 1,349 subjects in the probiotics groups and 1,352 T subjects in the control groups. Read the entire page →
From page 523... ... N – COI not provided for either the review of the included studies Author, year Marrs et al., 2013 Aims/Key Questions To systematically review the evidence on the associations between microbial exposure and food allergies. Study eligibility criteria Inclusion criteria: • ood allergy outcomes included food challenge data, F physician-diagnosed food allergy, reported doctor diagnosis of food allergy or food sensitization diagnosed by either SPT or elevated sIgE levels. Read the entire page →
From page 524... ... • ut microbiota: Five studies investigated gut microbiota G characteristics, two of which compared data with respect to food challenge outcomes and the other three used food sensitization parameters. The two studies ranking highest in quality originated from the same Spanish infants who were diagnosed with IgE-mediated cow milk allergy by milk challenge at a tertiary referral center. Read the entire page →
From page 525... ... N Conflict of interest stated? Y/N – COI of the systematic review authors were reported but COI not provided for the included studies Author, year Kramer and Kakuma, 2012 Aims/Key questions To assess the effects of prescribing an antigen avoidance diet during pregnancy or lactation, or both, on maternal and infant nutrition and on the prevention or treatment of atopic disease in the child; positive SPTs to dietary antigens; and cord blood levels of IgE (a predictor of subsequent atopic disease) Read the entire page →
From page 526... ... . Literature search dates or Unspecified; search conducted on July 6, 2012 year range Number of food allergy Three (based on SPT results) Read the entire page →
From page 527... ... Y/N (funding sources of included studies were not reported but the systematic review authors reported no conflict of interest) Author, year Fisher et al., 2011 Aims/Key questions To determine whether specific oral tolerance induction is more effective than avoidance in inducing tolerance in children ages 0 to 18 years who have IgE-mediated food allergy. Read the entire page →
From page 528... ... • ther: English language publications. O Literature search dates or 1950 to July 2009 year range Number of food allergy Three studies included Synthesis methods Summary tables and meta-analysis Key findings • ll three RCTs examined the effect of oral tolerance A induction to cow milk protein, with one study enrolling children who were exquisitely sensitive, reacting at <1 ml of whole cow milk at the start of the study. Read the entire page →
From page 529... ... Diagnoses must be verified by medical or nursing clinicians. Literature search dates or 1950 to October 2010 year range Number of food allergy Three studies included Synthesis methods Summary tables, meta-analysis and narrative synthesis continued Read the entire page →
From page 530... ... Y Duplicate study selection and data extraction? Y Comprehensive literature search? Read the entire page →
From page 531... ... • o determine which infants benefit, including infants at low T or high risk of allergy and infants receiving early, short term, or prolonged formula feeding. Study eligibility criteria Inclusion criteria: • ypes of studies: RCTs and quasi-RCTs that compare the T use of a hydrolyzed infant formula to human milk or an adapted cow milk formula. Read the entire page →
From page 532... ... . For Comparison 08 Prolonged feeding: Partially hydrolyzed formula versus cow milk formula: • 91 infants) Read the entire page →
From page 533... ... . For Comparison 14 Prolonged feeding: Partially hydrolyzed whey formula versus cow milk formula: • ignificant reduction in infant cow milk allergy (RR: 0.36; s 95% CI: 0.15-0.89) Read the entire page →
From page 534... ... Study eligibility criteria Inclusion criteria: • tudy design: Controlled clinical trials and observational S studies, published in all languages, examining whether or not exclusive breastfeeding until age 6 months has an impact on growth, development, morbidity, and survival of healthy, term infants and their mothers. • omparison: The comparisons must have been based C on one group of infants who received exclusive breastfeeding for at least 3 but less than 7 months and mixed breastfeeding until 6 months or later (i.e., infants were introduced to liquid or solid foods between 3 and 6 months of age) Read the entire page →
From page 535... ... Literature search dates or Inception to June 15, 2011 year range Number of food allergy One cohort study studies included Synthesis methods Narrative synthesis; meta-analysis (N/A for food allergy outcome because only one study was included) Key findings • cohort study enrolled 135 healthy Finnish infants 1 of atopic parents reported food allergy outcome. Read the entire page →
From page 536... ... N Conflict of interest stated? N NOTE: ALA = alpha-linolenic acid; CDC = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; CI = confidence interval; DBPCOFC = double-blind, placebo-controlled oral food challenge; DHA = docosahexaenoic acid; DPA = docosapentaenoic acid; EAACI = European Academy of Allergy & Clinical Immunology; EPA = eicosapentaenoic acid; IgE = immunoglobulin E; IU = international units; LCPUFA, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid; N/A = not available; OR = odds ratio; PUFA = polyunsaturated fatty acid; RAST = radioallergosorbent; RCT = randomized controlled trial; RR = relative risk; SDA = stearidonic acid; SPT = skin prick test; tIgE = total IgE; WHO = World Health Organization. Read the entire page →
From page 537... ... 2016. Omega-3 long-chain PUFA intake during pregnancy and allergic disease outcomes in the offspring: A system atic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials. Read the entire page →
From page 538... ... 2014. Diet and food allergy development during in fancy: Birth cohort study findings using prospective food diary data. Read the entire page →
From page 539... ... 2011. Effect of a partially hydrolyzed whey infant formula at weaning on risk of allergic disease in high-risk children: A randomized controlled trial. Read the entire page →
From page 540... ... study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 131(6) Read the entire page →

From page 439...

... were adopted. The EAACI search strategies were developed to identify all randomized controlled trials, quasi-randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, controlled before-and-after studies, interrupted time series studies, and prospective cohort studies that were primarily concerned with preventing sensitization to food(s)

Appendix C: Risk Determinants Literature Search Strategy Pages 439-540

Appendix C: Risk Determinants Literature Search Strategy
Pages 439-540