Frontiers of Engineering Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2016 Symposium (2017) / Chapter Skim
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New Materials for Emerging Desalination Technologies - Baoxia Mi
New Materials for Emerging Desalination Technologies - Baoxia Mi
Pages 75-82
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From page 75... ...
and electrodialysis. The RO technology, a hydraulic pressure-driven filtration process that removes contaminants from water mainly by size exclusion and charge repulsion, accounts for around 60 percent of the market thanks to its relative advantages in capital cost, energy consumption, and ease of operation.
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From page 76... ...
Emerging graphene-based nanomaterials possess a unique 2D structure and highly tunable physicochemical properties as well as exceptional mechanical, electrical, and biological characteristics, all of which can be advantageously leveraged to significantly improve the separation efficiency of desalination membranes (Mi 2014)
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From page 77... ...
of this super-strong membrane is almost three orders of magnitude less than the thickness (typically a few hundred nanometers) of traditional desalination membranes, significantly improving the water permeability, which is inversely proportional to membrane thickness.
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From page 78... ...
As a result, the GO membrane can efficiently remove neutral organic contaminants (Zheng and Mi 2016) , a unique feature when compared to traditional polymeric RO membranes, which are typically charged and have a relatively poor removal rate for neutral molecules.
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From page 79... ...
precisely control the size of GO nanochannels, characterize the transport length and channel width, and build mechanistic models to correlate such characteristics to membrane performance. Controlling the interlayer spacing in a GO membrane is another critical challenge to the manufacture of effective desalination membranes.
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From page 80... ...
Potential strategies to overcome such swelling include creating short covalent bonds, crosslinking out of aqueous solution, and inserting appropriately sized spacers between GO layers. CONCLUDING REMARKS Notwithstanding the challenges, 2D graphene-based nanomaterials hold great promise for revolutionizing membrane-based desalination technology, thanks to their advantages over traditional materials in enabling the synthesis of a desalination membrane via simple, scalable layer-stacking techniques and in the flexible manipulation of membrane permeability and selectivity for target contaminants.
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From page 81... ...
. Finally, it is worth noting that 2D nanomaterials are finding potential applications in nonmembranebased desalination technologies.
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From page 82... ...
2016. Silica-crosslinked graphene oxide membrane and its unique capability in removing neutral organic molecules from water.
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