Frontiers of Engineering Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2016 Symposium (2017) / Chapter Skim
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High-Recovery Desalination and Water Treatment - Kevin L. Alexander
High-Recovery Desalination and Water Treatment - Kevin L. Alexander
Pages 83-90
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From page 83... ...
Alternative water supplies being considered include low quality surface water, irrigation runoff, brackish groundwater, municipal and industrial wastewater, and seawater. These water sources can be low quality and substantially more expensive to treat than conventional water sources, but when the cost of treating the alternative source drops below that of the currently available source, opportunity is created.
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From page 84... ...
Advances in the field of desalination include improvements in fundamental materials, manufacturing techniques, packaging techniques, and mechanical energy recovery techniques. In most cases, the objective has been to improve operational aspects of the desalination technology to achieve maximum water recoveries at the lowest energies possible while minimizing high-salinity waste flows.
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From page 85... ...
The technology also creates a residual brine or concentrate waste stream that can have an adverse impact on the environment if not managed properly. A BRIEF HISTORY OF DESALINATION The desalination technology of today was conceived in the 1960s, when President Lyndon Johnson supported Israel in the development of desalination through the US Department of the Interior's Office of Saline Water.
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From page 86... ...
For example, in the power industry distillation technology is used to generate service water and potable water. In the oil refining industry, RO membranes are used to generate 2,000-pound boiler feed water, which requires very low hardness and silica.
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From page 87... ...
Historically, the most likely discharge locations have been back to the ocean for seawater desalination plants on the coast, into streams and lakes where there are higher volumes of fresh water to dilute the flow in inland areas, into sewers for eventual treatment in sewage treatment plants, and in some locations such as Florida there is the possibility of injecting the waste flow back into the ground through injection wells. In the right environments, such as the arid regions of the country, there are opportunities for evaporation and enhanced evaporation.
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From page 88... ...
At the end of a batch the highsalinity waste stream is discharged and fresh water filled into the feed tank and recirculated. The system operates on low-TDS water conditions that are typical for inland desalination and wastewater desalination projects.
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From page 89... ...
Alternatively, this technology could be used in a seawater application, with ocean water drawing fresh water from a brackish water source, followed by dilution of the seawater to reduce salinity, reducing the feed pressure and energy required to desalinate the ocean water. This could be a viable way to treat seawater using wastewater as a source of pure water while improving the economics and environmental impact.
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From page 90... ...
They provide access to the next available water supplies and to water supplies once considered impossible to utilize, ensuring safe and reliable water supplies. They enable access to drought-proof water supplies such as wastewater effluent and irrigation drainage flows, and secure the region against the effects of climate change and extended drought.
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